Cyber & Digital Evidence

Can a CD be evidence without a certificate? Supreme Court says no

The court overruled its own precedent to settle a split among High Courts on electronic evidence, but later carved out a crucial exception.

5 min read

Can a CD recording be trusted as evidence? The Supreme Court says yes, but with a catch.

In a political defection case, the court ruled that electronic evidence is admissible—but set a higher bar for proving it hasn't been tampered with.

6 min read

Can't get the certificate? Court says: Justice over procedure

Supreme Court creates an exception to mandatory electronic evidence rules when the party producing it doesn't control the device.

5 min read

Can't get the certificate? Supreme Court says you can still use electronic evidence

A four-judge bench ruled that the mandatory certificate under Section 65B(4) is not needed if you don't control the device. Here's why that matters.

4 min read

CD played in court but no expert checked it. Judge says: invalid.

Police watched a CD with the magistrate and prosecutor. But without a forensic analysis and a Section 65B certificate, the Kerala High Court threw it out as unreliable.

6 min read

Court says digital documents are just as discoverable as paper ones

A US district judge ruled that electronic records fall under the same discovery rules as physical documents, paving the way for modern e-discovery.

7 min read

Late e-evidence certificate allowed, but at a cost

Delhi High Court says belated Section 65B certificate is curable, but the party faces a much tougher test to prove authenticity—and cross-examination can still kill the evidence.

6 min read

No certificate at trial. Conviction upheld. Here's why.

A missing Section 65B certificate is curable, but only if the objection comes at the right stage — and the certifier is still around to testify.

6 min read

No certificate, no problem? SC on electronic evidence

When a party tried everything to get the mandatory certificate for electronic records but the authorities refused, the Supreme Court said: the law does not demand the impossible.

6 min read

Phone records were admitted without a certificate. The Supreme Court said: that's okay—if you object early.

The Court ruled that missing a Section 65-B(4) certificate is a curable defect, not a fatal flaw—but only if the objection is raised at trial.

5 min read

Prosecution must give accused a cloned copy of memory card, says Kerala HC

In a case involving electronic evidence, the court held that a cloned copy of a pen drive is as good as the original for pre-trial disclosure.

4 min read

Witness abroad, testimony by video: Supreme Court sets strict rules

To ensure electronic evidence is valid, the Court mandated a multi-step process: reading, correction, email, embassy authentication, and judge's re-endorsement.

6 min read

You don't have the phone, but you have the chat screenshot. Is it valid in court?

Supreme Court says electronic evidence can be admitted without a certificate if the person producing it doesn't own the device. But this ruling is now being reconsidered.

6 min read

Your mail server just signed a contract. No human touched a keyboard.

Your company's mail server can accept a binding contract without any human intent, and the law says you cannot undo it on Monday morning.

5 min read

Your phone is a document. The Supreme Court just said so.

In two rulings, the Court redefined what counts as 'original' electronic evidence—and why a CD might need a certificate but your laptop doesn't.

3 min read

Your phone's secret ID just nailed you. Here's how.

Every mobile has a unique IMEI number. The Supreme Court says that plus cell tower data can put you at the crime scene.

5 min read

Your WhatsApp chats can be faked. This court just said so.

Calcutta High Court warns electronic evidence is 'susceptible to tampering' and demands police training in handling it.

6 min read

Your WhatsApp chats may be useless in court without this one document

Supreme Court settles the law on electronic evidence: a simple certificate can make or break your case. Here's why.

6 min read

Your WhatsApp screenshot in court? Not without this one paper.

Supreme Court says computer output is inadmissible unless a specific certificate under Section 65B is filed. Even a phone video needs it.

5 min read