Civil Litigation

100% disability awarded. Two lakhs for pain. The Supreme Court said no.

A 29-year-old in a persistent vegetative state was awarded Rs 2 lakh for pain and suffering until the Supreme Court rejected the mechanical application of the Raj Kumar formula.

5 min read

137 Hindi teachers lose jobs after 30 years — here's why the court said it's legal

The Supreme Court ruled their 1988 appointments were void from day one because the schools skipped a mandatory selection process. Even decades of work couldn't fix that.

5 min read

137 teachers hired without selection board — Supreme Court says all appointments void

For 30 years, Hindi teachers in Odisha were appointed, terminated, reinstated, and terminated again. The Supreme Court just ended the cycle: the original hires were illegal from day one.

6 min read

142 acres assigned to SC/ST farmers in 1960s — now they've lost it all

The Supreme Court upheld the government's resumption of land that had been transferred without permission, rejecting claims of double jeopardy and compensation.

5 min read

15-year-old tagline. Competitor complaint. Court said it's puffery.

A 15-year-old tagline survived a competitor's complaint and an ASCI order because the Delhi High Court found it was puffery, not a factual claim

7 min read

150 colleges lost recognition — not for poor teaching, but for a missed deadline.

The Delhi High Court ruled that the NCTE cannot refuse recognition or shut teacher education institutions without following its own mandatory timelines and procedures, no matter the merits

4 min read

2,000 Gorai families, 4 tankers: the Bombay High Court did the math.

When the Bombay High Court found four water tankers for over two thousand families grossly insufficient, it turned a municipal failure into a constitutional command that every infrastructure project must now heed.

4 min read

25 years apart, still married. SC says: that itself is cruelty.

A couple lived together for just 4 years, then spent 25 years in court battles. The Supreme Court finally ended the marriage—not because of who was right, but because the wait itself became a form of cruelty.

5 min read

272 workers didn't work for 20 months. They still wanted full salary.

Supreme Court says only wages of those who actually worked during insolvency count as top-priority costs. Others fall lower in the payment queue.

6 min read

3 accounts, 3 certificates, 5 purposes: The new MahaRERA regime every promoter must set up now.

MahaRERA's discussion paper mandates a tripartite account system with auto-sweep and three certificates per withdrawal, turning banks into co-enforcers and closing loopholes that have stalled thousands of projects.

6 min read

30 cents of government land. 16 years of litigation. The State still won.

A family occupied government land for decades but the Supreme Court held that long possession alone cannot perfect title against the State without concrete proof of hostile animus.

6 min read

300 WhatsApp messages after a rape? Supreme Court says not guilty

A married woman accused a man of rape. But the Court found she kept texting him—hundreds of times—after the alleged assault. That changed everything.

5 min read

33 kg silver, 3-year deadline: When does the clock start?

The Supreme Court settles a crucial question: Is the limitation period counted from the day you file a complaint or from when the magistrate takes cognizance?

4 min read

33 kg silver returned? Court says the clock starts ticking when you file complaint, not when judge signs

Amritlal gave 33 kg silver to Shantilal. Shantilal refused to return it. Amritlal filed a complaint 3 years later. The High Court killed the case. The Supreme Court revived it—because the limitation clock starts at filing, not at cognizance.

6 min read

33 kg silver returned? No. But the clock starts when you file, not when court acts

A man refused to return silver entrusted to him. The accused argued the case was too late because the magistrate took cognizance after 3 years. The Supreme Court said: the real deadline is the complaint date.

7 min read

5 months after evidence closed, he wanted to ask questions. Court said no.

The Jharkhand High Court dismissed a petition seeking to administer interrogatories, holding that the defendant's delay of five months after the plaintiff's evidence closed was fatal under the CPC's trial scheme.

7 min read

5 review petitions fail: 'No error' in giving state priority over banks in insolvency

Supreme Court rejects challenges to its 2022 ruling that state tax dues rank above financial creditors, saying later bench's doubts can't trigger review.

5 min read

52 days late, 18 years wasted — the appeal that never got heard.

The Supreme Court set aside two rigid orders that kept a property appeal unheard for 18 years because of a 52-day delay, reaffirming that substantial justice must trump technical clock-watching

5 min read

8 men got wildly different sentences for the same crime. SC says no.

For a Holika Dahan brawl that turned fatal, one accused served 11 months, another 9 years. The Supreme Court found the 'sentence undergone' formula produced an aberration and imposed uniform 5-year terms.

7 min read

80 kg of ganja mixed with chillies — court says weight not proved

Police seized bundles of marijuana and green chillies together, never weighed separately. Supreme Court says that makes the commercial quantity charge unprovable.

4 min read

82 homebuyers settled. The 3 who sued wanted to walk away. The court said —

A builder failed to deliver flats for 8 years. Homebuyers filed for insolvency. Then a majority cut a deal. But the law said CIRP can't be withdrawn once admitted. The Supreme Court found a way.

8 min read

86% of currency vanished. The Supreme Court said 'any' means 'all'.

The Supreme Court held that 'any' in Section 26(2) of the RBI Act can mean 'all', upholding the 2016 demonetisation by a 4:1 majority and deferring to executive economic policy.

6 min read

924 cases pending, one judge: Supreme Court says 'share the load'

A Mumbai court was flooded with SARFAESI applications. The Supreme Court ruled that additional magistrates can handle these cases too, calling the job 'ministerial'.

5 min read

924 cases pending, one judge: Supreme Court unlocks a fix

When a Mumbai court was flooded with 924 SARFAESI applications, the Bombay High Court ruled that Additional CMMs can also handle them. The borrower appealed, arguing only the CMM personally could. The Supreme Court just shut that down.

4 min read

A 1945 gift deed said she owned the land. The court said: not enough.

The deed's recital claimed Smt. Yashoda Devi was the owner. But when challenged, the court ruled that a self-serving statement in an old document can't prove title—you need outside evidence.

5 min read

A 1958 partition decree was void for land it never owned

The Supreme Court ruled that land granted to farmers by the Nizam before 1948 could not be divided among heirs of a noble, even if a court had already ordered it.

5 min read

A 2,000-year-old temple custom. A goddess of power. The court still said no.

A petitioner asked the Madras High Court to enforce an ancient temple custom barring widows from handing the Sengol — but the court found the texts didn't support it and the Constitution wouldn't allow it anyway.

6 min read

A 2011 stay order vanished in 2018. Now the Supreme Court says: it's back.

Pawan Agarwal's protection from arrest was automatically vacated under the 'Asian Resurfacing' rule. But after that rule was struck down, the Court held the old order revives—even though years have passed.

9 min read

A ₹2,782 crore award. One word in the law changed everything.

The Supreme Court ruled that when parties agree on interest, the tribunal can't override it — even if the award is already final.

4 min read

A 30-year-old document is genuine. But are its words true?

The Supreme Court said the High Court got it wrong: an old document's signature may be real, but its story can still be a lie.

6 min read

A 30-year-old document is genuine. But is what it says true?

The Supreme Court clarifies: an old document's age proves its signature, not the facts inside it. The contents still need separate proof.

6 min read

A 30-year-old mortgage deed was lost. The court let in a copy. But was it proved?

The trial court admitted a certified copy of a mortgage deed under a presumption for old documents. The opponent never objected to proof of execution—until appeal. Can you waive a foundational requirement?

6 min read

A ₹400 crore loan. A frozen company. Who owns the rent money?

IL&FS argued the rent in its escrow account was frozen. HDFC said it had already bought that rent. The Supreme Court looked past the labels on the documents to decide.

6 min read

A ₹43.4 crore claim was filed in the wrong form. The court said: check it anyway.

Greater Noida Authority submitted its claim as a financial creditor, but the RP called it an operational creditor and asked it to refile. When it didn't, the plan gave it only ₹1.34 crore. The Supreme Court held that the form is not mandatory—what matters is proof.

5 min read

A ₹4662 crore interest fight hinged on 3 words in a contract

DAMEPL wanted post-award interest on principal plus pre-award interest. The Supreme Court said: your contract already agreed otherwise.

7 min read

A $60 million award, a fake BBC contract, and a bias claim that failed

The Supreme Court upheld enforcement of a Singapore award, ruling that bias objections at the enforcement stage face a higher bar—international standards, not domestic ones.

6 min read

A balance sheet entry can save a debt from dying

Supreme Court says a company's own books can count as acknowledgment of debt, extending limitation period for insolvency claims.

6 min read

A bank sued a ship owner. The Supreme Court said: wrong court decided the appeal.

The High Court's commercial division ordered a fuel buyer to be added as a party. The division bench reversed that. But the Supreme Court says the division bench had no power to hear the appeal at all.

7 min read

A bank to stop the sea was choking a harbor. The judge let an engineer explain why.

The court had to decide if a new seawall caused the harbor to decay. An expert was called to testify on tides, winds, and shifting sands.

6 min read

A bank voted against a resolution plan. Now the Supreme Court has a problem.

DBS Bank, with exclusive charge on Ruchi Soya assets, was offered Rs 119 crore instead of Rs 217 crore. The court found its claim has merit—but conflicting precedents forced a referral to a larger bench.

6 min read

A beer company's 'sales promoter' was actually a lender. SC says it's a financial creditor.

Sach Marketing deposited Rs 53 lakhs as security, earning 21% interest. The Supreme Court ruled that the real nature of the deal was a loan, not a service agreement.

6 min read

A CD copied from a copy: court says each transfer needs its own certificate

When an election speech video was copied from memory card to computer to official CD, the court ruled that a single late certificate wasn't enough to prove authenticity.

4 min read

A CD in court failed one test. The judge threw it out.

Hash values are the secret handshake that proves a digital file hasn't been tampered with. Without that match, your evidence is worthless.

5 min read

A certified copy of a 1928 sale deed — is that enough to prove ownership?

The Supreme Court says yes, and overturns a High Court that demanded more proof. Here’s why a simple photocopy can win a land dispute.

6 min read

A city tried to take a man's land for a park. The law it used didn't allow that.

The Kolkata Municipal Corporation claimed it could acquire property under Section 352 of its own Act. The Supreme Court said no — and listed seven rights every owner has before the state can take their land.

6 min read

A consent order was binding. Then one party tried to back out.

The Supreme Court held that a High Court cannot let a party reopen a consent order after it agreed to deposit ₹2,407 crore in escrow—even if criminal probes are pending against the other side.

6 min read

A court said truth serum is legal. Then the Supreme Court stepped in.

In 2004, the Bombay High Court ruled that narco-analysis and brain mapping evidence was admissible. But the Supreme Court had a different take on the Fifth Amendment.

6 min read

A digital diary, a mob boss's number, and a court that smelled a setup

The Supreme Court warned that over-zealous investigators can manufacture evidence—just by typing a few digits into a seized device.

5 min read

A digital signature was used to take over a company. The court called it 'alarming'.

The Bombay High Court found that signatures were issued without verifying KYC, raising doubts about the entire system.

4 min read

A DNA test linked him to a foetus. But the sample sat for months.

The Supreme Court said the burden is on the accused to prove the sample was mishandled—even after an expert admitted mistakes can happen.

7 min read

A document is marked as evidence. Does that make it true?

The court said no—marking an exhibit doesn't prove its contents. Even if you show who wrote it, the facts inside must be backed by separate proof.

6 min read

A document marked as an exhibit in court — does that prove its contents?

The Supreme Court clarifies that stamping a document as 'exhibit' is just procedural. The real test: who vouches for the truth inside?

7 min read

A document marked as evidence. Then a judge tried to undo it.

The Supreme Court shut that down—once a document is admitted, no court can revisit its stamping, even if it was wrong.

6 min read

A document was admitted in court. That doesn't mean it's true.

The Supreme Court drew a line between letting a document into evidence and actually believing it. The ruling changed how judges weigh papers.

6 min read

A document was admitted. Then a court tried to kick it out. The Supreme Court said: too late.

An unregistered sale deed was marked as evidence. The High Court ordered it de-marked for insufficient stamping. The Supreme Court reversed, citing a 60-year-old rule: once admitted, it stays admitted.

6 min read

A document was admitted. Then they objected. Too late?

The Supreme Court draws a line: objections about how a document was proved must be raised before it's marked as an exhibit, not after.

6 min read

A document was produced in court. The opponent demanded it be admitted. The judge said: it must be.

When a party calls for a document and inspects it, the other side can force it into evidence—no formal proof needed. A 1940s ruling that still binds trial courts today.

7 min read

A dying woman's last phone call: admissible as part of the crime?

She dialed the operator, begged for police, then the line went dead. The court had to decide if her words were part of the transaction that killed her.

6 min read

A dying woman's phone call was cut off. The court let it in as evidence.

The husband said the shooting was an accident. But the emergency call she made seconds before dying told a different story — even though the operator never heard her finish.

5 min read

A father-in-law sold land, signed the deed, then cancelled it. He lost.

A registered sale deed cannot be undone by a unilateral cancellation deed, the Supreme Court holds, even when a local practice like ta khubzul badlain is invoked to argue title was never passed.

5 min read

A father's phone call: admissible or not?

The deceased's father testified about a call where the accused's father confessed. But the court asked: was it said right after the crime?

7 min read

A Hong Kong company got sued in India. The court sent no summons — just a lawyer's letter.

The Madras High Court then passed a Rs 3.42 crore decree against it. When the company tried to fight back, the court demanded 75% of the claim as a precondition. The Supreme Court just stepped in.

7 min read

A hotel's rescue plan was approved by 87% creditors. Then the court found a fatal flaw.

The resolution applicant had submitted two plans—one as an individual, one as a trustee. The Supreme Court said that's a conflict of interest that kills the deal.

8 min read

A knife threat and a ransom demand: Is that 'organised crime'?

The Supreme Court says yes — even if no violence actually happened. And 'advantage' doesn't mean just money.

4 min read

A land record says you own it. The Supreme Court says: not so fast.

Revenue entries are not documents of title—they only raise a presumption of possession. The Court warned lower courts against relying on them to decide ownership.

6 min read

A letter complaining about accounts was treated as an admission of debt. The High Court disagreed.

The trial court passed a decree based on a letter where the defendant mentioned an outstanding amount while complaining about poor record-keeping. The High Court said that's not a clear admission—it was taken out of context.

6 min read

A letter from a public officer is not a public document, court rules

Allahabad High Court says a certificate based on a register doesn't become a public document itself—opening a loophole for opponents to challenge such evidence.

5 min read

A maid got a will leaving everything to her. The last line let the owner cancel it anytime.

The will said she inherits all. Then it said the owner could revoke it whenever he wanted. The court had to pick which clause wins.

5 min read

A man kidnapped for ransom. The court asked: Is this 'organised crime'?

The Supreme Court clarified how strict the MCOCA test really is — and why a single kidnapping can still trigger the anti-gang law.

3 min read

A man never filed a case. Someone filed it in his name. The Supreme Court found out how.

Bhagwan Singh wrote to the court: 'I never filed any SLP.' Investigation revealed his own daughter, son-in-law, and multiple lawyers forged his signature on vakalatnama and affidavits. The AOR admitted he attested without the petitioner present.

6 min read

A meeting minute said 'final figure later'. Court: No admission.

Tata Steel sought Rs 2 crore based on a meeting note. But the note ended with 'final figure will be arrived at...'. Supreme Court says that's not an admission you can get a judgment on.

6 min read

A meeting's minutes said 'final figure will be decided later'. The court said that's no admission.

Tata Steel tried to skip trial using meeting notes. But the Supreme Court ruled: an admission must be clear and final, not a work in progress.

6 min read

A mining lease was cancelled in 2010. Then the High Court said: grant it anyway.

The Supreme Court had to decide whether a 17-year-old application could survive a 2015 law that killed all pending mining bids — and a revocation that no one ever challenged.

6 min read

A mining lease was granted, then cancelled. The company ignored the cancellation and won in court. The Supreme Court just shut that down.

Chiranjilal got a grant order in 2006, revoked in 2010. They still claimed the lease under a 2015 law exception. The Court said: a dead letter can't save you.

5 min read

A minister was cleared by a secret report. Then the government changed.

The Supreme Court says he must get a copy of the report that once exonerated him — even though the state now wants to prosecute.

5 min read

A missing blood test freed 4 murder accused. The Supreme Court just tore that logic apart.

The High Court said the investigation was tainted because the blood sample was never sent to the lab. The Supreme Court says: that's not enough to throw out the whole case.

6 min read

A mother fought a 150-km trip with a toddler for court-ordered visits. The Supreme Court just flipped the venue.

The father wanted his daughter every Sunday in his city. The mother said the drive was harming the child. The top court agreed—and changed the rules.

6 min read

A mother sued her daughters for control of a vaccine giant. The Supreme Court had a surprise fix.

The High Court gave the mother control. The Supreme Court reversed it—and brokered a deal that gave her ₹65 lakh a month without running the company.

5 min read

A mother took her son to India. The Supreme Court said: send him back to the US.

The child was born and raised in Washington for a decade. The High Court said he was comfortable with his mother. The Supreme Court disagreed.

6 min read

A notary's signature: automatic proof or just a stamp?

Two courts split on whether a notarized power of attorney is presumed genuine. The answer depends on one thing: did the notary actually check who signed?

6 min read

A photocopy of a sale deed was rejected as evidence. Here’s why.

The Supreme Court said an ordinary copy isn’t automatically secondary evidence—unless it meets strict legal standards.

5 min read

A power company thought it had a deal. The Supreme Court said: not so fast.

JSW Energy claimed a government order locked in a tariff of Rs 2.60 per unit. But the Court ruled that a PPA needs more than just a price—every essential term must be agreed.

7 min read

A purdahnashin lady signed a mortgage. The witnesses weren't categorical. The court still upheld it.

The judge looked beyond direct testimony to the 'totality of evidence'—including that the signing, registration, and payment all happened at the same time in her home.

4 min read

A reading from The Register.

From the curated case-law library, a long-form note on doctrine, defence and the moves that change outcomes.

5 min read

A recorded conversation was key evidence. Then the original was deleted.

The CBI said it transferred the audio from a digital recorder to cassettes and erased the original. But the copy used for transcription was never sealed. The court had to decide: can a copy of a deleted file be trusted?

4 min read

A registered deed is presumed valid. The burden to prove otherwise is on the challenger.

The Supreme Court held that registration is an official procedure, creating a presumption of valid execution. The person attacking the deed must bring strong evidence to rebut it.

6 min read

A registered sale agreement. Two buyers. One turned hostile. The Supreme Court still enforced it.

The Court said the agreement wasn't a sham, and later buyers had 'constructive notice' because the deal was registered. But the decree was halved because one plaintiff switched sides.

6 min read

A registered will. Suspicious circumstances. The court says: not enough.

Kerala High Court holds that registration alone cannot dispel suspicion around a will's execution when other red flags exist.

5 min read

A resolution plan was approved. Then the buyer tried to back out. The Supreme Court said: No.

Liberty House got Amtek Auto's plan approved but never paid. DVI stepped in, got its plan approved, then tried to walk away. The Supreme Court forced it to deposit Rs. 500 crore and finish the deal in four weeks.

6 min read

A routine SLP notice. The Court stopped to fix a systemic flaw.

The Supreme Court used a routine criminal appeal to flag a systemic omission in filings, directing that age and police reporting details be mandatory to save judicial time.

4 min read

A sale deed called an agreement. The court saw through it.

The Supreme Court ruled that an insufficiently stamped document is inadmissible, no matter what the parties call it.

5 min read

A secret wedding, no guests, no vows — and the Supreme Court just called it valid

The Madras High Court said a self-respect marriage needs a public ceremony. The Supreme Court disagreed, saying that would put couples in danger.

5 min read

A ship sank. The insurer refused to pay because of a hidden engine secret.

The owner got a safety certificate without telling the inspector about unrepaired damage. The Supreme Court said that voids the insurance.

7 min read

A Swiss bank sued a ship for missing fuel cargo. The court added a surprise party.

The notify party on the bill of lading gave delivery instructions without the original document. Now they must defend the suit alongside the vessel owner.

6 min read

A Tahsildar's certificate? Useless unless he testifies

Supreme Court says official certificates are not evidence on their own—the person who signed must be cross-examined.

4 min read

A tape recording can be evidence — but only if it wasn't tampered with

The Supreme Court said a recorded conversation is admissible if accurate, but because magnetic tape can be erased and reused, the court must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that it hasn't been fiddled with.

6 min read

A tenure job. A substantive post. The College still denied pay protection.

A lecturer on a tenure basis with a path to retirement is not holding a short-term vacancy, the Supreme Court held, restoring pay protection after sixteen years of litigation.

7 min read

A typo in a door number cost borrowers their home auction challenge

The Supreme Court said a wrong digit in the property description didn't matter because the boundaries were clear. But that wasn't the only twist.

5 min read

A typo in a property's door number — does it kill the auction?

The Supreme Court says no, as long as the property is still identifiable and no one was misled. But there's a twist: the buyer was four days late paying up.

7 min read

A US-born child was brought to India. The court ordered him back—but not because of the father's plea.

The Supreme Court said the boy's 'wish' to stay with his mother in Bengaluru wasn't enough. The real test: his American citizenship and 10 years in the US.

5 min read

A will cut off natural heirs. The court said that's normal.

Four suspicious circumstances were used to deny probate. The Supreme Court said three of them were not suspicious at all.

6 min read

A will gave a wife only a life interest. The Supreme Court said: that's final.

Ram Devi got land income but couldn't sell. She sold anyway. Buyers argued her interest became absolute. The Court disagreed — and a 1968 will still binds.

7 min read

A will gave her only income, not the house. She sold it anyway. Court says: void.

The testator said his wife could enjoy the property's revenue for life, but never sell it. When she did, the buyer argued she became full owner under Hindu law. The court ruled: a will can override that.

6 min read

A will is proved after the testator dies. So who has to prove it's real?

The propounder must show the testator was of sound mind and not influenced. But what counts as 'suspicious'?

6 min read

A will seemed suspicious. The court said: remove the doubt or lose the case.

When a will is challenged, any suspicious circumstance—like an unnatural gift or a shaky signature—must be cleared up. If not, the will fails.

6 min read

A will signed but still not valid? The test is tougher than you think

The Supreme Court laid down a test: the propounder must prove the testator understood and signed voluntarily. Suspicious circumstances shift the burden.

7 min read

A will signed by a dying woman. A trespasser said it was fake. The Supreme Court just reversed the High Court.

The lower courts called the will suspicious. The Supreme Court said they were swayed by 'conjectures' and ignored that no relative challenged it—only a trespasser.

6 min read

Accused tried to escape murder trial 3 times. Supreme Court says: enough.

A man charged with murder kept filing applications to get out of trial. The High Court let him go. The Supreme Court reversed it—and fined him ₹50,000.

4 min read

After husband's death, can mother give child her new husband's surname?

Supreme Court says yes — she is the sole guardian and can even give the child in adoption to her second husband.

5 min read

Arbitrator appointed under one contract cannot rewrite another

IOC leased land for a petrol pump. The dealer's arbitrator increased the rent and shortened the lease. The Supreme Court said: he had no power to touch that contract.

6 min read

Arbitrator who fixed rent for a lease he had no right to touch

Indian Oil leased land for a petrol pump. When the dealer lost his dealership, he asked the arbitrator to jack up the rent from ₹1,750 to ₹35,000. The arbitrator agreed—but the Supreme Court said he had no business even looking at the lease.

6 min read

Army major's confession on temple stairs wasn't voluntary, Supreme Court says

He admitted taking bribes to clear recruits. But the court found the confession was made under pressure—and the money transfers had innocent explanations.

7 min read

Army officer's court-martial scrapped — because the complaint came too late

Colonel accused of affair with fellow officer's wife. The three-year clock started ticking the day the husband wrote a letter, not when the Army finished its inquiry.

4 min read

Asharam Bapu's lawyer wanted a cop's video as evidence. The Supreme Court said no.

The defence claimed a former DCP's video of the crime scene was shown to the victim to tutor her. But the book that mentioned the video never said it was shared with anyone.

4 min read

Auction buyer paid Rs 8.35 cr but wanted stamp duty on just Rs 1.01 cr. Court says: no.

The Supreme Court held that when land is sold, everything permanently attached to it—including plant and machinery—passes to the buyer, and stamp duty must be paid on the full value.

6 min read

Bank had DRT order and recovery certificate. Could it still file for winding up?

The Supreme Court said yes — winding up is not a debt recovery proceeding, so the RDB Act bar doesn't apply. But the twist is when the bank must give up its security.

6 min read

Bank held him past retirement. Supreme Court said: wrong date.

UCO Bank suspended an officer just before his retirement, then issued a chargesheet months later. The Court ruled that only a chargesheet, not a show-cause notice, counts as starting proceedings.

4 min read

Bank hid DRT case, forfeited bidder's Rs 50 lakh. Supreme Court says: refund

Mohd. Shariq won an auction for a property. The bank never told him the borrower had challenged the sale. When he delayed payment, the bank kept his deposit and re-auctioned the property at a loss.

6 min read

Bank hid DRT case from auction winner. Supreme Court says refund ₹50.25 lakh.

Mohd. Shariq won a bank auction for ₹2.01 crore. The bank never told him the borrower had already blocked the sale in court. When he paused payment, the bank forfeited his deposit. The Supreme Court just called that unfair.

5 min read

Bank hid Rs 196 crore, then sought immunity. The twist: it got it.

The Supreme Court ruled that a tax settlement commission can grant immunity even if the income was already 'discovered' by tax officers — as long as the assessee makes a full disclosure.

5 min read

Bank sold property after default. DRT dismissed challenge. Then DRT reversed itself. DRAT reversed DRT. High Court stayed DRAT. Now Supreme Court says: enough.

A decade-long SARFAESI saga: the borrower's application was time-barred, so DRT dismissed it. Then DRT allowed a review. DRAT said review was wrong. High Court stayed that. Supreme Court lifts the stay, calling the High Court's interim order unjustified.

8 min read

Bank waited 20 years to file insolvency. Supreme Court says: that's fine.

A recovery certificate from DRT can restart the clock for insolvency, even if the original default happened decades ago.

7 min read

Bank's auction sale stands after borrower's delayed challenge fails

The Supreme Court set aside a High Court stay on a DRAT order, ruling that the 45-day limit for challenging a SARFAESI sale cannot be bypassed via review.

6 min read

Bank's award deemed a decree. Can it skip transfer rules?

A cooperative bank got an award under state law, treated as a decree. When it tried to execute in a different court, the High Court said no. The Supreme Court disagreed — but only partly.

6 min read

Bidder won the bid, then tried to walk away. Court said: no.

Ebix won the auction for Educomp with a ₹373 crore plan. Then it tried to withdraw—three times. The Supreme Court ruled that once creditors approve a plan, the bidder can't back out.

5 min read

Blaming your lawyer for a 534-day delay? The Supreme Court says not so fast.

The Supreme Court held that a litigant cannot blame his advocate for a 534-day delay unless he proves his own vigilance, shutting the door on a manufactured excuse.

5 min read

Bloody footprints led to the bathroom. The expert said: 3 differences don't matter.

A murder scene, bloody footprints, and a comparison that 'stood the test' — but the science behind it was later called 'not fully developed.'

4 min read

Blue tick on WhatsApp counts as legal notice, says Bombay HC

The court ruled that a defaulter who opened a WhatsApp message had been validly served. But it warned: don't try this at home.

3 min read

Borrower can't buy back property by paying just the reserve price: SC

Supreme Court says paying the auction reserve or highest bid doesn't wipe out the full loan. The bank can still recover the balance.

6 min read

Borrower can't use auction money to pay appeal deposit while challenging same auction

Supreme Court says a borrower who disputes a property sale cannot count those sale proceeds toward the mandatory pre-deposit for appeal. The twist: the debt due includes interest too.

6 min read

Borrower refused award by post, then challenged it 10 months late. SC says: too bad.

Supreme Court rules that Section 5 of Limitation Act can't extend the 3-month + 30-day window to challenge an arbitral award — even if the loser refused the registered letter.

6 min read

Borrower who challenges auction can't use sale proceeds to cut pre-deposit, SC rules

Supreme Court says a borrower challenging both SARFAESI action and auction sale must deposit 50% of full debt including interest, without adjusting auction money.

5 min read

Borrower who fights auction sale can't use its proceeds for appeal deposit: SC

Supreme Court rules that when a borrower challenges both the bank's recovery action and the auction sale, the mandatory pre-deposit of 50% of the debt must come from the borrower's own pocket, not from the sale proceeds.

6 min read

Boss snooped into employee's bank data. Court said: guilty, but...

The ex-employer accessed the employee's bank details to prove he leaked secrets. The court held it was a privacy breach, but couldn't grant relief because the bank wasn't made a party.

5 min read

Bought a house after a decree? You can't object to its execution

A finance company bought property from a legal heir after a court had already ordered possession in favour of a trust. The Supreme Court said it had no right to resist execution.

5 min read

Bought a property during a court case? You can't stop the decree holder from taking it

A buyer who purchased a disputed house from a legal heir during an ongoing execution case tried to block the decree holder. The Supreme Court said: you're not the right person to object.

6 min read

Builder blamed Covid. K-RERA said: pay the full refund anyway.

A home buyer invoked Section 18(1) after a builder blamed Covid for delays, and K-RERA followed Supreme Court precedent to enforce an unqualified right to refund with interest.

4 min read

Builder blamed pollution bans. The court said they're not force majeure.

A builder who collected EMIs during pollution bans cannot then claim those same bans excuse a 25-month delay in handing over flats under Haryana's affordable housing policy.

5 min read

Builder offered possession without OC. HARERA still ordered interest for delay.

When a builder offered possession without an occupation certificate, HARERA ruled the offer invalid and ordered interest from the original due date — a template for every delayed possession claim.

6 min read

Can a Calcutta High Court review a Delhi tribunal's transfer order?

The Supreme Court says no — a transfer order from the CAT Principal Bench in New Delhi can only be challenged in the Delhi High Court, even if the original case was in Kolkata.

6 min read

Can a consumer case be reopened after the Supreme Court's final order?

The National Commission said yes, but the Supreme Court just said no — because execution proceedings are not a 'consumer dispute'.

6 min read

Can a copy of a property deed create a mortgage? Kerala HC says no.

Bank argued that depositing a copy of the transfer deed was enough to secure a loan. The court warned it would let dishonest owners cheat multiple lenders.

6 min read

Can a defendant challenge his co-defendant's sale deed in a suit by the plaintiff?

The Supreme Court says no — a counter-claim against a co-defendant is impermissible under the CPC. But here, the High Court did exactly that, and the top court had to step in.

6 min read

Can a footprint alone prove you were at a crime scene?

The court said bare feet have unique ridges, but the science of footprint ID isn't fully developed. So it can only back up other evidence.

5 min read

Can a machine read your mind to prove guilt?

The Bombay High Court allowed brain fingerprinting and narco-analysis on stamp scam accused. But the Supreme Court later had a different take.

6 min read

Can a magistrate appoint an advocate to seize your property? Supreme Court says yes.

A legal tug-of-war over who can physically take possession of defaulted loans. The top court settles it with a 'functional subordination' test.

5 min read

Can a marriage be valid if it's done in secret? The Supreme Court says yes.

A couple married in a self-respect ceremony with only advocates present. The High Court called it invalid. The Supreme Court just overruled that.

3 min read

Can a ministry letter override a law? Supreme Court says no

The Court found that the Ministry of AYUSH had suspended a rule against misleading drug ads. Now every ad must get a self-declaration before it goes live.

6 min read

Can a photocopy create a valid mortgage? Kerala HC says yes, but only if…

Two High Courts split on what counts as 'next best evidence' when the original deed is lost. The answer hinges on one word: certified.

5 min read

Can a police report be proof? Supreme Court draws the line

The Court says: if the officer saw it, it's evidence. If someone told him, it's not. Here's why that matters.

7 min read

Can a trespasser become the legal owner? Supreme Court says yes—but with a catch.

The court ruled that someone who has perfected title by adverse possession can even sue the original owner. But the burden of proof is so high that few can meet it.

7 min read

Can a Xerox copy prove a disputed document? High Court sets strict test

When parties fiercely deny the original's existence, courts must scrutinize secondary evidence thoroughly. A mere claim of loss won't suffice.

7 min read

Can an RTI copy replace the original in court?

A party tried to use a Xerox certified by a Public Information Officer as evidence. The court said: not so fast.

6 min read

Can auction money count as borrower's deposit? SC says no

A company that defaulted on a Rs 16.61 crore loan argued that the Rs 12.5 crore from the auction of its property should reduce its pre-deposit for appeal. The Supreme Court disagreed.

6 min read

Can illegal search evidence be used in court?

Two Supreme Court rulings clash: one says relevancy trumps illegality, the other says privacy violations can shut out evidence.

7 min read

Can the government tap your phone? SC sets strict rules

The Supreme Court ruled that telephone tapping violates privacy unless done under a fair procedure. Here's what changed.

7 min read

Can the police deny you a copy of your own hard drive?

The Supreme Court says no — even if the prosecution fears you'll misuse the data. Here's why that cloned disk is a constitutional right.

7 min read

Can the police force you to give a DNA sample?

The Supreme Court said yes — and explained why it's not 'testifying against yourself.'

4 min read

Can the police force you to take a lie detector test?

The Supreme Court ruled on whether brain mapping, polygraph, and narco-analysis violate your right to silence. The answer changes how investigations work.

6 min read

Can you take opposite stands in court? Not always.

A court says inconsistent pleas are allowed—unless they destroy each other or rob the other side of an admission. Here's the fine line.

9 min read

Can't appeal execution order under consumer law, Supreme Court says

The top court ruled that a revision petition against a state commission's order in execution proceedings is not maintainable under the Consumer Protection Act.

6 min read

Captive power plant rules: Supreme Court tightens ownership test

The Court ruled that 26% ownership must be maintained all year, not just at year-end, and SPVs face the same proportionality requirement as other groups.

5 min read

Car bomb plot case hits procedural roadblock: old law still applies

NIA charged a terror conspiracy but skipped a key authorization. The Supreme Court said the old J&K code governs — and the defect can be fixed.

6 min read

Cardinal's summons upheld; HC's church property remarks struck down

Supreme Court says a second complaint on same facts is allowed in exceptional cases, but High Court overstepped by ordering CBI probe into unrelated matters.

4 min read

Cash-for-jobs scam: SC says ED can probe even if main case is on hold

In a corruption case involving a Tamil Nadu minister, the Supreme Court ruled that money laundering and bribery go hand in hand — and a stay in the main case doesn't stop the ED.

5 min read

CBI seized his hard disks. Now the Supreme Court says he gets cloned copies.

The court ruled that a hard disk is a 'document' under the Evidence Act, even if files are deleted. The accused is entitled to a clone to prepare his defense.

6 min read

Children of void marriages can inherit parents' share in joint family property, but not be coparceners

Supreme Court overrules earlier rulings, holds Section 16 HMA entitles such children to parents' notional share in coparcenary, but denies coparcenary status by birth.

6 min read

Chit fund company must prove you used service for business, not you

Supreme Court says burden of proving 'commercial purpose' under Consumer Act lies on service provider, not consumer. A mere plea without evidence won't do.

6 min read

Coal giant rejected one bidder for a 1-day notary gap, let another skip mandatory docs

BCCL said Banshidhar's power of attorney was notarized a day after signing. But the winning bidder submitted audited balance sheets months late—and got the contract.

5 min read

Coal India can be penalised for monopoly abuse, says Supreme Court

The top court ruled that even a state-owned coal giant serving the common good must follow competition law, rejecting its claim of sovereign immunity.

4 min read

Coal India can't claim blanket immunity from competition law: SC

The Supreme Court held that even a government monopoly created to fulfill constitutional goals must face competition regulation, rejecting CIL's claim of inherent exemption.

5 min read

Compound interest on carrying cost upheld in power dispute

Supreme Court says restitution under PPA means restoring the party to original economic position, including compound interest on borrowed funds.

5 min read

Contractor owed Rs 4.85 crore, but only if he waived all other claims. Court said: Not so fast.

Bombay High Court rules that a clear admission of debt isn't destroyed by a 'full and final settlement' condition attached to the payment offer.

6 min read

Cops faked an alibi for a murder accused. Can they claim 'official duty'?

A murder suspect was arrested 160 km away just one hour after the killing — an impossible alibi. The Supreme Court now decides if the officers who filed that bogus case need prosecution sanction.

4 min read

Cops seized a phone but missed every rule. Court says: that's a problem.

The Kerala High Court flagged that the investigating officer didn't secure the device, switch it off, or even remove the battery. Cyber criminals, the court noted, are 'way ahead' of law enforcement.

6 min read

Court can order document production at any time, not just after discovery

Calcutta High Court says 'at any time' in Order 11 Rule 14 means what it says—no need for a prior discovery order.

6 min read

Court says no to wiping out entire police probe in cash-for-jobs scam

Supreme Court strikes down High Court order that directed fresh investigation from scratch, calling it a destruction of evidence. The case involves a minister accused of taking crores for jobs.

5 min read

COVID clock pause also froze the 120-day deadline for filing defence

Supreme Court says its pandemic orders covered not just limitation periods but also the outer limit courts can condone delay. A Calcutta High Court ruling has been overturned.

8 min read

Creditor with ₹12 crore security offered ₹2 crore in insolvency plan — Supreme Court says it's okay

A secured creditor holding 3.94% voting share objected to a resolution plan that gave it far less than its security value. The Supreme Court held that the plan's business decision by 95% majority cannot be second-guessed.

6 min read

Dad can meet son at mall, not court, says Supreme Court

The top court changed a father's visitation from court premises to a mall, saying a child shouldn't grow up associating with judges and lawyers.

5 min read

Dad gets to see kid at mall, not court, says Supreme Court

Family Court ordered visitation only inside court premises. The Supreme Court found that unhealthy and moved it to a mall.

3 min read

Dad's Sunday visits with son moved from court to mall

Supreme Court says holding visitation in court premises harms child's welfare, orders change of venue to a shopping mall.

5 min read

Daily-wage earner's Rs 5 lakh bond forfeited for encroachment – Supreme Court slashes it to Rs 5,000

The Court held that preventive bond amounts must be proportionate to a person's status, not punitive. A village labourer's entire bond was forfeited ex parte – now he pays just 1%.

4 min read

Detention revoked, but properties still forfeited — SC rules why

A man's COFEPOSA detention was revoked and criminal case discharged. Yet the Supreme Court upheld the forfeiture of his house, hotel, and bank deposits. The key: four exceptions in a law from 1976.

4 min read

Digital signatures forged. A company taken over in secret.

The Bombay High Court called it 'a most alarming state of affairs' — and questioned the very viability of digital signatures for security.

3 min read

Director rented to his own company. The reverse charge didn't apply.

When a director rents personal property to his company, the reverse charge mechanism does not apply—the capacity in which the service is provided is the decisive factor, not the directorship itself.

6 min read

DNA says he's not the father. The law says he is. The court chose science.

A husband denied paternity. A DNA test proved him right. But a 150-year-old law presumed him the father. The Supreme Court had to pick a winner.

7 min read

DNA test says child isn't his. Court says: still legitimate.

Supreme Court holds that even a foolproof DNA report cannot break the law's 'conclusive presumption' of legitimacy if the husband and wife had access during conception.

6 min read

Document admitted by mistake? Court can still collect stamp duty

Karnataka High Court says even if a document is already marked in evidence, the court's duty to impound insufficiently stamped papers survives.

4 min read

Electricity board can't jump queue in insolvency, Supreme Court rules

A power distribution company tried to recover ₹4.32 crore outside IBC by attaching properties. The Supreme Court said: no — the IBC's waterfall mechanism overrides the Electricity Act.

4 min read

Electricity board can't jump the queue in IBC liquidation

Supreme Court holds that dues of a statutory corporation like PVVNL are not 'government dues' and must follow the waterfall mechanism under IBC, not recover independently via the Electricity Act.

6 min read

Electricity board loses ₹4.32 crore dues battle to IBC liquidation

Supreme Court holds that PVVNL's power to attach property for unpaid bills does not make it a secured creditor in insolvency proceedings.

5 min read

Electricity board's ₹4.32 crore dues lose priority in steel company's liquidation

Supreme Court says IBC overrides Electricity Act; power supply dues are operational debts, not government dues entitled to special status.

6 min read

Expert evidence is just advice, not proof: Supreme Court

The Court said an expert's job is to give the judge scientific tools, not to decide the case.

6 min read

Farid Pindari sued his own father over waqf land — and lost on jurisdiction.

A son sued his father for encroaching on waqf land, but the Supreme Court held that the civil court had no jurisdiction — even though the waqf character was undisputed, forcing every practitioner to rethink where to file.

6 min read

Farmer Lost Land Because Officials Didn't Wait for a Court Case He Told Them About

Bajranga disclosed a pending title suit in his land return. The law required the authorities to pause proceedings until the suit ended. They didn't. The Supreme Court said the entire land acquisition was illegal.

7 min read

Father lost wife to Covid, aunts took his baby — court says give her back

Supreme Court says a natural guardian doesn't need to go to family court when relatives refuse to return a child. The aunts had the girl for years — but that didn't matter.

5 min read

Father wants to see his toddler. The court said yes — but changed the city.

A two-year-old was ordered to travel 300 km every Sunday for visitation. The Supreme Court stepped in, ruling that a child's welfare beats a parent's convenience.

5 min read

FCI tried to recover railway demurrage from its truckers. The Supreme Court said no.

The contract only said 'charges'—not demurrage. And the truckers weren't even responsible for loading or unloading the grain.

6 min read

File missing, case stalled. Court adjourned. The system didn't fail—it worked exactly as designed.

A two-line order from a Delhi court reveals a systemic truth: when a file goes missing, justice stalls not from legal complexity but from administrative failure.

6 min read

Gas company waited 6 years to file insolvency. Supreme Court says: try again.

A supplier couldn't recover dues because the buyer was a 'sick' company under SICA. After SICA was scrapped, it filed under IBC — but was it too late? The Supreme Court found a way to save the claim.

7 min read

Gas supplier waited 7 years to file insolvency plea. The Supreme Court had a surprising take on delay.

Sabarmati Gas couldn't sue Shah Alloys because it was a 'sick' company. When the law changed, they filed under IBC. But was it too late? The Court said the clock paused—but not for the reason you think.

5 min read

Gas supplier's 7-year-old dues: Can a sick company shield delay?

Supreme Court says SICA moratorium doesn't automatically extend IBC limitation, but can be a reason to condone delay—if there's no genuine dispute.

6 min read

Godman Asharam's bid to summon cop with 'secret video' rejected by SC

The Supreme Court said the video was irrelevant and the move was a delay tactic. But what did the former police officer's book actually reveal about the crime scene?

6 min read

Godman's appeal delay tactic rejected: SC says no to new evidence 8 years after crime

Asharam sought to summon a cop who wrote a book about the case, claiming a video proved the victim was tutored. The Supreme Court found no link and called the move a delay.

6 min read

Gold earrings in his pocket — but was he a murderer?

The Supreme Court says no. When stolen goods are found on someone soon after a killing, the law lets judges presume theft — but murder? That's a leap too far.

6 min read

Govt can't chase old tax dues after insolvency plan is approved

Supreme Court says once a resolution plan is approved, all claims not in it are dead—even for tax authorities.

7 min read

Guarantor's insolvency plan approved. Does the borrower walk free?

The Supreme Court says no—a creditor can still chase the principal borrower for the remaining debt, even after the guarantor's resolution plan is approved.

6 min read

He admitted 49 of 50 lease terms. The judge said: you lose on those now.

In 1876, a court ruled that a defendant can't drag a plaintiff to trial over facts already conceded—even if one clause is still disputed. The principle: judgment on admission, immediately.

5 min read

He admitted his signature on a photocopy. The court built a case on it. The Supreme Court just tore it down.

The trial court decreed a suit for specific performance relying on a photocopy of a power of attorney. The only thing the other side admitted was the signature—not a single word of the contents. The Supreme Court says that's not enough.

7 min read

He admitted the deal. The court still said: prove it.

In a suit for specific performance, the defendant admitted the sale. But the judge refused to pass judgment—because one key fact was missing from the record.

6 min read

He admitted the debt. Then he raised a root objection. The court said: no shortcut.

Order 12 Rule 6 lets you skip trial if the other side admits your claim. But what if the admission comes with a fundamental legal challenge? The Supreme Court drew the line.

6 min read

He admitted the publication. The court still sent the petition to trial.

The Supreme Court held that an election petition alleging non-disclosure of criminal antecedents cannot be killed at the preliminary stage, even if the winner admits some facts, because the cumulative impact of all omissions demands a trial.

5 min read

He asked for the company database to prove his case. The court said no.

A UK employee wanted access to his employer's entire database to show job vacancies existed. The Court of Appeal refused, citing proportionality.

6 min read

He bid for a hotel as a person and as a trustee. The court said: not both.

M.K. Rajagopalan submitted two resolution plans for the same insolvent hotel — one in his own name, another as managing trustee of a trust. The Supreme Court ruled that Section 88 of the Trusts Act bars a fiduciary from profiting from his position, even if creditors approved.

5 min read

He bought land during a court case. The original buyer won. Then came 14 years of chaos.

The Supreme Court shut down a decade-long stall tactic: buying property from someone who already lost a suit and then demanding a fresh trial.

5 min read

He bought land in 1979. 44 years later, the Supreme Court said — the High Court had no business deciding this.

The second defendant claimed the sale deed was a sham. Then he argued it violated the Fragmentation Act. The Supreme Court said those pleas destroy each other — and the High Court couldn't even hear the second argument.

6 min read

He called the sale deed fake. Then he refused to testify.

Supreme Court says if you challenge a property deal as bogus but never enter the witness box, your own silence becomes proof against you.

8 min read

He challenged a will in court. The judge said: too late, you didn't plead it right.

The Delhi High Court shut down a will challenge because the challenger raised new grounds—like mental capacity and collusion—only at the argument stage, not in the initial pleadings.

8 min read

He changed his story in court. The judge refused to call him hostile.

A key witness in a murder trial told the police one version, then gave an entirely different account on the stand. The court said: that's not enough to brand him hostile.

8 min read

He claimed an estate after 7 years of absence. The court said: prove the exact date of death.

Section 108 of the Evidence Act presumes death after seven years, but not the precise date. The Supreme Court held the claimant must prove when the person died, not just that they died.

7 min read

He claimed tenancy in a bank's mortgaged flat. The Supreme Court said: not without a registered lease.

Hemraj Salian said he'd been renting a Powai flat since 2012. But the bank had already taken the flat as security for a Rs 5.5 crore loan. The Court found his rent receipts were just xerox copies—and the borrowers never mentioned him.

7 min read

He claimed to be a juvenile to escape murder trial. The Supreme Court wasn't buying it.

Manoj said he was 17 when he allegedly shot a man during a dacoity. But his school certificate came from a dubious school, his birth certificate was obtained after he filed the claim, and the bone test was inconclusive. The Court called it unclean hands.

6 min read

He claimed to lead LTTE's successor. The High Court said he had no right to speak.

A self-proclaimed prime minister of a banned group's successor sought to intervene in a UAPA tribunal review, but the Delhi High Court held that only the association, its office bearers, or its members have statutory locus to be heard.

7 min read

He disobeyed a court order. The judge suspended his medical licence. The Supreme Court said no.

When a Calcutta High Court judge suspended a doctor's licence for disobeying a demolition order, the Supreme Court drew a bright line between contempt of court and professional misconduct.

6 min read

He dropped the case but still ruled on possession. The Supreme Court said no.

A Magistrate revoked his own Section 145 notice but still recorded findings on possession, and the Supreme Court annulled those findings for want of jurisdiction.

5 min read

He forged a will in court. The judge didn't just dismiss the case.

The court ordered a police probe into the alleged forgery, calling it a 'stab at truth' that clogs the justice system.

5 min read

He gave an undertaking to court through his lawyer. Then he sold the land anyway.

A family gave an undertaking through their senior advocate not to sell disputed land, then executed 13 sale deeds anyway — and the Supreme Court voided every one of them.

5 min read

He had a copy of the will. The court said: not enough.

To prove a lost original document, you need more than just a copy. The Supreme Court explains why 'satisfactory proof' of loss is a high bar.

6 min read

He had a notarized bond. The notary's register had no entry for it.

The court rejected the document because the notarial register didn't show the required serial number—and without that, the execution couldn't be proved.

6 min read

He had a promissory note. It was unstamped. He tried a workaround.

The court had to decide: can you use secondary evidence to prove a document that the law says can't be used at all?

6 min read

He had a signed contract. He waited 10 years. The Supreme Court said no.

The Supreme Court shut down a decade-old claim for a promised plot from NOIDA, ruling that representations and High Court orders cannot revive a right that was allowed to sleep.

5 min read

He had CCTV footage. He didn't show it. The court drew a dark conclusion.

The prosecution had cameras everywhere in the hotel. They relied on a manager's memory instead. The judge said: that silence speaks volumes.

6 min read

He hid engine damage from the ship inspector. The insurer didn't have to pay.

A vessel sank after a tug boat collision. But the insurer refused to pay because the owner had secretly obtained a safety certificate without disclosing a broken engine.

7 min read

He hid engine damage from the ship's certifier. The insurer didn't have to pay a rupee.

A ₹8.26 crore claim denied because a temporary repair was never disclosed to the American Bureau of Shipping. The Supreme Court said: the warranty was broken, even if the defect didn't cause the sinking.

5 min read

He left nothing to his son. The court said: that's fair.

A Delhi man disinherited his son and daughter-in-law after years of estrangement. The High Court upheld the will, saying a parent can choose who gets what — even if it seems unfair.

3 min read

He lured a 7-year-old with lychees, raped and killed her. Why the Supreme Court spared his life.

The crime was brutal. The evidence was damning. But the judges found something in his past that made them say: death is not the only answer.

7 min read

He paid rent into court for two years. One notice from the landlord ended his tenancy.

A tenant who regularly deposited rent in court for two years lost his tenancy because he failed to switch back to paying the landlord directly after receiving a notice of demand expressing willingness to accept.

6 min read

He promised marriage. She said yes. The court said it wasn't rape.

Supreme Court draws a fine line between a false promise and a broken promise — and why one is a crime, the other isn't.

8 min read

He ran two rival bids for the same hotel. The Supreme Court said: not allowed.

A resolution applicant submitted competing plans—one as an individual, another as a trustee. The Court ruled a fiduciary can't play both sides, and a revised plan must go back to creditors.

5 min read

He refused a DNA test. The court said: that's his right.

Defendants wanted to prove the plaintiff wasn't their brother. But the judge ruled that forcing a DNA test would violate his privacy—at least at this stage.

6 min read

He refused the post, then blamed the court for being late

The borrower rejected the registered letter containing the arbitral award. When he finally challenged it 197 days later, the Supreme Court said: too bad.

5 min read

He said he dropped her at school. Her body was found in a well.

A five-year-old girl never reached class. The man who drove her gave a false explanation. The Supreme Court found the chain complete — but spared his life.

5 min read

He said 'I stabbed him.' The court said: That's not a confession.

Lord Atkin explained why even a full admission of guilt can leave the prosecution with work to do — and why that matters for every criminal trial.

3 min read

He said she signed. She said she didn't. Who has to prove it?

A Supreme Court ruling on a disputed sale agreement shows why the burden of proof doesn't flip just because you're the one denying.

7 min read

He said the baby wasn't his after 2 days of marriage. The court said: prove it—but not with blood.

A husband denied paternity of a child conceived days into marriage. He demanded a blood test. The Supreme Court refused—and explained why no one can be forced to give blood, even to prove the truth.

6 min read

He served two sentences. No case pending. Jail still held him.

A stateless Rohingya refugee served two sentences under the Foreigners Act, but the state kept him in jail for years after because it had no policy for what to do next.

6 min read

He signed a bond to keep the peace. A month later, he was arrested for murder.

The Supreme Court says the magistrate followed the law when he sent the man to prison for breaching his bond — even though the murder case was still pending trial.

6 min read

He signed his will three times. The law said he needed one more.

The testator put his name in the body and the attestation clause but forgot the final signature. The court had to decide: is a will valid if the intent is clear but the execution is flawed?

4 min read

He stayed quiet when the document was shown. Now it's too late.

The Supreme Court says you can't object to how evidence was presented years later—if you didn't speak up at the right time.

6 min read

He submitted a hotel rescue plan in two hats. The court said: not allowed.

A resolution applicant offered to revive Le Meridian Coimbatore both as an individual and as a trustee. The Supreme Court ruled that a fiduciary cannot profit from that dual role — and a revised plan skipped a crucial creditor vote.

4 min read

He submitted two plans for the same hotel. One as himself, one as a trustee. The court said —

The Supreme Court rejected a resolution plan for Le Meridian Coimbatore after the applicant filed competing bids in dual capacities, violating fiduciary duty. Also: a revised plan was never re-approved by creditors.

5 min read

He submitted two plans for the same hotel. The court said: you can't compete with yourself.

A resolution applicant filed one plan personally and another as trustee of a trust. The Supreme Court held this violates the Indian Trusts Act — a fiduciary can't gain by bidding against his own beneficiary.

6 min read

He sued for trademark theft. Then he tried to add evidence late. The court drew a line.

The Supreme Court says commercial suit plaintiffs can't dump documents after filing unless they prove they couldn't have filed them earlier—even if they're 'voluminous'.

4 min read

He treated patients for decades. A single 'or' in a Bye-Law ended his case.

A Supreme Court judgment turns on a single word in an autonomous body's Bye-Law, ruling that the nature of duties cannot override a specific retirement clause.

5 min read

He wanted a DNA test to prove his wife's child wasn't his. The court said no.

The Kerala High Court dismissed a father's application for a paternity test, ruling that DNA tests can't be used just to clear suspicion—especially when he never specifically denied paternity.

5 min read

He wanted a 'neutral' judge by caste. The Supreme Court fined him ₹50,000.

A litigant asked the High Court for a bench of judges who belonged to no caste category, and the Supreme Court responded with a two-paragraph judgment that imposed a heavy cost and declared the application mischievous.

4 min read

He was accused of murder. His alibi? A jail cell.

To disprove a crime, the defense didn't argue lack of evidence—they proved he was behind bars at the time. The court found it 'highly improbable' he could kill while imprisoned.

6 min read

He was told his case wasn't 'rarest of rare' enough for review. The Supreme Court disagreed.

A gas agency partner accused of threatening a journalist was denied discharge by the High Court, which said it could only interfere in exceptional cases. The Supreme Court sent the case back, clarifying that the 'rarest of rare' standard doesn't apply across the board.

6 min read

Her contract ended in 11 days. The Supreme Court gave her 26 weeks of maternity benefits.

A contractual pathologist was told her maternity benefits would die with her 11-day contract extension, but the Supreme Court created a statutory fiction to give her the full 26 weeks the law promised.

6 min read

Her gold, his debts: SC restores ₹25 lakh for stridhan sold by husband

Wife said husband took 89 sovereigns on wedding night. High Court demanded proof beyond doubt. SC said: in family cases, that's the wrong test.

5 min read

High Court discharged a murder accused. Supreme Court reversed it with a Rs 50,000 cost.

The accused had already failed twice to get discharged. Then he tried a third route—and the High Court surprisingly let him go. The Supreme Court called it an abuse of process.

4 min read

High Court dismissed the appeal. Then it rewrote the award anyway.

A labourer with 85% permanent disability won compensation after sixteen years, but the High Court deleted the interest on a dead appeal, forcing the Supreme Court to restore both the money and the principle.

6 min read

High Court read only convenient lines. Supreme Court restored the plaint.

A defendant tried to kill the suit by cherry-picking plaint paragraphs, but the Supreme Court ruled that a court must read the entire narrative before rejecting a case at the threshold.

6 min read

High Court voided a sale deed. Supreme Court says: you can't decide a fight between co-defendants in a possession suit.

The High Court ruled that a 1979 sale deed was invalid because an earlier sale between the two defendants violated the Fragmentation Act. The Supreme Court set that aside: civil courts lack jurisdiction over Fragmentation Act questions, and one defendant can't use a possession suit to attack a co-defendant's deed without a proper counterclaim.

6 min read

Highway blocked. Farmers won't move. The Supreme Court chose a committee, not coercion.

The Supreme Court declined to enforce highway clearance by coercion, instead appointing a five-member committee to mediate with farmers, setting a new template for protest disputes that balances public inconvenience against agrarian grievances.

5 min read

Hiranandani Healthcare beat a Rs.27 crore tax demand by proving its shareholders stayed the same.

A healthcare company's dramatic shareholding reshuffle didn't trigger Section 79's bar on loss carry forward, and the Tribunal ruled Section 68 cannot tax share premium when the subscriber's identity and creditworthiness are undisputed.

6 min read

His mother died on the job. The state denied him because he was male. The court disagreed.

A mother's death in service triggered a state rejection of her son's compassionate appointment because he was male, but the court ruled that reserving posts for women cannot justify excluding male heirs entirely from the scheme.

5 min read

His phone was tapped without a warrant. The court let the recording in.

RM Malkani argued the illegal recording violated his right against self-incrimination. The Supreme Court said: it doesn't matter how you got it.

7 min read

His title deeds were all unregistered. The bank auctioned his home anyway.

Raj Kumar Vij claimed ownership of a Delhi basement through a chain of unregistered sale deeds. The Supreme Court said those documents gave him zero title — and the auction sale was valid.

5 min read

Homebuyers with RERA orders can't be paid less in insolvency: SC

The Supreme Court struck down a resolution plan that gave 50% less to homebuyers who had obtained refund orders from RERA, ruling all allottees are equal financial creditors under IBC.

4 min read

Hotel owner's twin plans: one as person, one as trustee — Supreme Court says no

A resolution applicant submitted two plans for the same hotel: one in his own name, one as a trust's managing trustee. The court found this violates the Trusts Act — and also flagged a procedural flaw that sank the deal.

6 min read

Hotel resolution plan rejected: CoC approval can't fix missing step

Supreme Court says a resolution plan modified after CoC vote must go back to the committee — even minor changes. Also, a trustee who bids as an individual may be barred by fiduciary rules.

6 min read

How a xerox copy of a trade mark certificate became a courtroom mess

The Supreme Court slammed lower courts for marking photocopies as exhibits 'subject to objection' — a practice that lets flawed evidence slip in and derails trials.

6 min read

HUDA filed objections 8 days late. The court said no — but the Supreme Court said yes.

An 8-day delay in challenging a Rs.1.2 crore arbitral award got HUDA's case thrown out. The Supreme Court just ruled that lower courts can't be so mechanical.

6 min read

Husband files case to force wife to live with him. She asks to move it closer. He doesn't show up.

The Supreme Court says his silence in a restitution case isn't harmless — it can lead to arrest or attachment of property. That's why she gets her transfer.

7 min read

Husband refuses paternity test. Supreme Court says no adverse inference.

When a couple lived together during conception, the law presumes the child is legitimate. Refusing a blood test doesn't break that presumption.

4 min read

Husband sues to force wife back home. She asks to move the case. He doesn't show up.

The Supreme Court transfers a conjugal rights case from Silvassa to Ahmedabad, noting that ignoring such a case can have real legal consequences.

4 min read

Husband took wife's gold on wedding night. Court says: return Rs 25 lakh.

Supreme Court restores family court order, says standard of proof in civil cases is 'preponderance of probabilities', not criminal standard.

6 min read

India promised Portugal a 25-year cap. The court said: not our problem.

Abu Salem was extradited from Portugal after India gave a solemn assurance — no death penalty, no life term beyond 25 years. But when he challenged his sentence, the Supreme Court drew a line between the Executive and the Judiciary.

5 min read

Insolvency moratorium shields company from limitation even when it could sue

The Supreme Court held that the entire moratorium period is excluded from limitation for any suit or application by or against a corporate debtor, regardless of whether the moratorium itself barred the proceeding.

8 min read

Insurer ignored its own required death certificate. Court: Not allowed.

When prawns died of disease, the insurance company demanded a death certificate from the fisheries department. But when the certificate showed mass mortality, the insurer rejected it. The Supreme Court said: you can't ask for proof and then ignore it.

6 min read

Insurer knew shop was in basement, still added 'basement not covered' clause

Supreme Court says an exclusion clause that destroys the contract's purpose, introduced by the insurer with full knowledge, cannot be used to deny a claim.

5 min read

Iron ore exporter loses Rs 52 cr incentive after policy change mid-contract

Chowgule & Co. signed a deal when processed ore was eligible. By the time exports happened, the rules had changed. The Supreme Court says: the date of export, not contract, decides eligibility.

6 min read

Is your phone a computer? A court just answered.

The High Court ruled that a mobile phone fits the IT Act's definition of a 'computer'—and that changes how evidence from it is treated.

5 min read

Jail records missing for 2 months. Court asks: what are they hiding?

The Presidency Jail failed to produce key documents about a judicial confession. The Supreme Court says that when authorities withhold evidence, judges must draw an adverse inference.

6 min read

Joint venture partner. Not an allottee. RERA complaint dead on arrival.

A joint venture reconstruction on land under 500 square metres fell outside RERA's scope, leaving the flat owner with a dismissed complaint and a lesson in statutory definitions.

4 min read

Judge discharged him, then ordered more police work. Can he do that?

The Supreme Court says no — once an accused is discharged, the magistrate cannot suo motu direct further investigation. Only two routes remain.

5 min read

Judge ordered a police report, then ignored it for 9 years

A magistrate summoned company directors without waiting for the investigation he himself had demanded. The Supreme Court called it a non-application of mind.

7 min read

Judge used autopsy report to drop murder charge. SC says: not allowed.

A trial court discharged accused from murder because the post mortem said 'cardio respiratory failure.' The Supreme Court ruled that a post mortem report is not final evidence—only the doctor's word in court can decide the cause of death.

6 min read

Land assigned to Dalits 60 years ago now goes to commando force

The Supreme Court upheld the state's resumption of 142 acres near Hyderabad, ruling that the assignees' transfers violated the law, and the land will house the Greyhounds Commando Force.

5 min read

Land taken without hearing during lockdown: Supreme Court sets aside award

The Collector passed the compensation award in May 2020 after the developer asked for an adjournment due to COVID-19. The Supreme Court said that was unfair.

5 min read

Land vested in Centre, yet Mahanadi Coalfields must pay the State rent.

The Supreme Court held that a government company mining coal on state-origin land must pay both royalty for the mineral and rental for the land itself, rejecting the argument that vesting extinguishes the state's proprietary right.

5 min read

Landowner won a stay, then claimed the acquisition lapsed. The Supreme Court said: not so fast.

The APMC wanted land for a mega market. The Trust got court orders stalling the process for years. When a new law said acquisitions lapse after 5 years, the Trust said: time's up. The Supreme Court disagreed.

7 min read

Late return, full deduction: ITAT saves four co-op societies from CPC's axe.

Four Gujarat co-operative societies won their Section 80P deductions despite filing late returns, as the ITAT ruled the CPC had no power to disallow them for AY 2019-20

4 min read

Lawyer didn't object to bad evidence. Can the decree stand?

Supreme Court says some evidence is so fundamentally irrelevant that even a lawyer's silence can't make it admissible — and the objection can come later.

4 min read

Liquidator lost 400 crore appeal because he waited for a free copy

Supreme Court says IBC's 30-day appeal clock starts ticking from the day the order is pronounced, not when the court provides a copy.

7 min read

Lockdown used as excuse to skip hearing, Supreme Court says no

A developer couldn't reach its lawyer during COVID-19 lockdown. The Collector passed the compensation award anyway, ignoring a High Court order against coercive steps.

6 min read

Man detained under NSA for a phone call and a property dispute

The Supreme Court found the invocation of the National Security Act in a revenue recovery case 'shocking and unsustainable' and ordered his immediate release.

7 min read

Man's plea against detention ignored by board that was supposed to review it

Prakash Chandra Yadav sent a representation from jail on Aug 18. The Advisory Board gave its opinion on Sep 2 — without ever seeing his letter. The Supreme Court says that's illegal.

4 min read

Marked as evidence in court? That isn't proof.

The Supreme Court says a document's truth isn't established just because it's admitted as an exhibit. A life insurance case shows why.

6 min read

Minister's bribe trail: ED can probe even if police didn't

The Supreme Court said once corruption allegations are public, the ED must act—even if state police shielded the accused.

4 min read

Moratorium gave a corporate debtor extra time to sue – even though it could have sued during the freeze

The Supreme Court held that under the IBC, the entire moratorium period is excluded from limitation for any suit by the corporate debtor, not just those barred by the moratorium.

6 min read

Mother can change child's surname after remarriage, Supreme Court says

The top court also ruled that a court cannot order a surname change unless someone asks for it, setting aside a High Court's suo motu direction.

5 min read

Mother changed son's surname after remarriage. Grandparents objected. Court said:

A widow remarried and gave her child her new husband's surname. The Supreme Court ruled she had every right to do so—even without the grandparents' consent.

7 min read

Mother changed son's surname after remarriage. High Court ordered her to change it back. Supreme Court says:

The top court found the High Court's directions 'cruel' and beyond what anyone had asked for. It held that a widowed mother, as sole natural guardian, has full right to decide her child's surname.

5 min read

Nine theft cases, 18-year sentence — then the Supreme Court stepped in

Iqram pleaded guilty to stealing electricity equipment in nine separate cases. The trial judge gave him two years for each — and said nothing about whether they'd run together. The jail added them up. The High Court said that's the law.

4 min read

No bruises, no proof? Court says that's not how it works

In a case where a woman died without visible injuries, the Supreme Court clarified that cruelty doesn't always leave a mark—and the burden of proof doesn't shift just because the body is clean.

4 min read

No chimney, no assembly line — the Supreme Court says your repair shop is a factory.

A Supreme Court ruling holds that any premises repairing electrical goods with power and ten or more workers is a factory under the ESI Act, closing a loophole many small businesses thought existed.

4 min read

No degree, no problem: goldsmith's word is expert opinion

The Mysore High Court ruled that a goldsmith with no formal qualifications could testify on gold purity—experience, not a certificate, makes an expert.

4 min read

No public vows needed for a valid marriage, Supreme Court says

A self-respect marriage under Tamil Nadu law doesn't require a public ceremony. The court overruled a 2014 ruling that said otherwise.

6 min read

No public vows needed: SC upholds Tamil Nadu's self-respect marriage

The Supreme Court said a self-respect marriage is valid even without a public declaration, overruling a High Court ruling that required it.

6 min read

NOIDA leased land for 90 years. The Supreme Court says it's not a financial deal.

A government authority claimed it was a financial creditor in a builder's insolvency. The court disagreed—because land doesn't depreciate and the lease gave NOIDA too much control.

5 min read

Not on the Sikkim Subject Register? The Supreme Court says you're still Sikkimese.

The Supreme Court struck down a tax exemption that excluded old Indian settlers from Sikkim based on a pre-merger register and also invalidated a proviso that punished Sikkimese women for marrying non-Sikkimese men

5 min read

Object to a document's stamp? You must speak now or forever hold your peace.

The Supreme Court ruled that a judge must decide stamp objections the moment a document is offered in evidence. Once admitted, even the judge can't revisit that call.

7 min read

Office in Sikkim, tax in Goa. The Supreme Court says that's not enough.

A company's registered office in Sikkim did not give its High Court jurisdiction over a Goa tax notification, and the Supreme Court has revived the forum conveniens test as a mandatory filter.

5 min read

Older bus rejected. High Court said rule was invalid. Supreme Court just revived it.

A bus operator tried to swap a newer vehicle for an older one, setting off a challenge that struck down a Kerala rule, only for the Supreme Court to restore it with a broader reading of permit conditions.

7 min read

One day late, Rs 2 crore lost: How counting a single date decided a solar plant's fate

BESCOM cut tariff from Rs 6.10 to Rs 4.36 per kWh because a power plant was commissioned 'one day late.' The Supreme Court had to decide: does the 12-month deadline start counting from day 0 or day 1?

8 min read

One sentence could decide your case. But only if it's crystal clear.

The Supreme Court just set a new bar for what counts as a 'clear admission' — and it's higher than you think.

6 min read

One slip of the tongue can't seal your fate, says court

A single damaging statement in court isn't enough to prove a case. The judge must weigh all evidence together, not pick one line in isolation.

5 min read

One word — 'or' — meant 'and'. That saved thousands of land acquisitions.

The Supreme Court read a single conjunction conjunctively, overruled a landmark precedent, and saved thousands of public projects from lapsing overnight.

7 min read

Original Will Lost? Supreme Court Says Certified Copy Can Be Used as Evidence

The Court ruled that a certified copy of a registered Will is admissible as secondary evidence when the original is lost, provided the party lays the proper groundwork.

6 min read

Paying the reserve price won't wipe out your bank loan, Supreme Court says

A borrower who owed Rs 1.85 crore thought paying Rs 48.65 lakh would get his house back. The Supreme Court said no — the entire debt must be cleared.

8 min read

Petrol pump dealer asked arbitrator to raise rent. Supreme Court said: not your job.

An arbitrator appointed under a dealership agreement cannot rewrite a separate lease contract—even if the rent seems unfair. The Supreme Court set aside the award that hiked rent from ₹1,750 to ₹10,000.

6 min read

Photocopies of 30-year-old govt orders rejected by lower courts. Supreme Court says: presumption applies

Even without originals, courts must presume official acts were done properly unless opponent proves otherwise. Lower courts' refusal was 'clearly perverse'.

5 min read

Photocopy of an unstamped rent note? Court says no — here's why

A landlord tried to prove a tenancy with a photocopy of an unregistered rent note. The Supreme Court blocked it, citing a rule that even the original would be inadmissible.

6 min read

Police chart used as evidence without calling officers who made it

Supreme Court says a public document under Section 35 can be read directly, no need to cross-examine the officers who prepared the underlying reports.

8 min read

Police filed two reports on the same crime. Which one should the court follow?

The Supreme Court says a magistrate can't ignore a supplementary report that recommends dropping charges — even if the original report said there was a case.

7 min read

Police filed two reports: one said charge, one said drop. What must a magistrate do?

The Supreme Court clarifies that a magistrate cannot simply accept the later report without reading both together—even if the complainant's protest is dismissed.

5 min read

Police said charges were false. Magistrate agreed. Then the court said: read both reports together.

A Kerala case where the initial charge sheet named three accused, but a later supplementary report recommended dropping all charges. The Supreme Court now tells the Magistrate to consider both reports together before deciding.

7 min read

Police took his passport. But they forgot one legal step.

The Supreme Court said a passport can't be held just because a criminal case is pending—unless a specific order under the Passports Act is passed. One man's job in the USA hung in the balance.

5 min read

Power company tried to charge consumers twice for same loan — Supreme Court says no

GRIDCO wanted to pass on its loan repayment costs to electricity consumers, but the Court ruled that the same expense cannot be billed twice.

5 min read

Power distributor loses bid to limit coal cost compensation to generators

Supreme Court says Adani Power and GMR can recover actual coal shortfall costs, not just the government's reduced supply percentage.

6 min read

Power generators win Rs 1,200 crore compensation for new taxes after PPA deadline

Supreme Court says any charge imposed by government agencies after the cut-off date in power purchase agreements is a 'Change in Law' event, entitling generators to full compensation with interest.

8 min read

'Predominantly' isn't enough. The Supreme Court says 'solely' means only.

The Supreme Court holds that 'solely' under Section 10(23C)(vi) excludes any non-educational object, overruling the predominant object test for educational trusts.

7 min read

Promoter barred from IBC can't use Company Law to get company back

Supreme Court says a scheme under Companies Act during IBC liquidation must follow IBC's strict rules, including the bar on ineligible promoters.

6 min read

Railway surcharges after PPA signed? Supreme Court says it's 'Change in Law'

Power generators get compensation for new charges imposed by government bodies after contract cut-off dates. But what about the interest rate?

5 min read

Railways' 'son gets father's job' scheme struck down as unconstitutional

Supreme Court says LARSGESS scheme violated equal opportunity in public employment, closes all pending claims.

6 min read

Rs 65 crore auction winner lost the property — for being 3 months late

The Supreme Court refused to use its special powers to save a buyer who paid the full amount, but after the deadline. The law, it said, cannot be bent even for a pandemic.

7 min read

RTI documents can be used as secondary evidence: High Court

A court allowed certified copies obtained under the Right to Information Act as secondary evidence, rejecting the argument that they needed to be compared with originals.

4 min read

SC: Can't force a parent to move abroad with child

Mother took son to India for surgery, didn't return. High Court said go back. Supreme Court said: welfare of child is paramount, but you can't order a parent to leave the country.

6 min read

SC says: if contract fixes interest, tribunal can't add more

Parties agreed on interest rate in their deal. Arbitral tribunal wanted to award more. Supreme Court says: the contract rules.

5 min read

Secondment looked like employment. The Supreme Court said it's a taxable supply.

The Supreme Court held that secondment is a taxable manpower supply service, rejecting the argument that operational control makes the secondee an employee of the host company.

6 min read

Secret Rafale documents leaked. The government said: state secret. The court said: show them.

The Supreme Court demanded to see classified files that the government wanted to hide—and then ruled on whether they could be used as evidence.

3 min read

Section 35AA's hidden trap: the case-specific authorization the RBI missed.

The Supreme Court struck down the RBI's 180-day insolvency circular because it lacked case-specific authorization under Section 35AA, a provision that demands precision over blanket orders

6 min read

Settled with lender, but insolvency continued: SC steps in

A company settled its dispute with the creditor who filed for insolvency. Yet the tribunal kept the process alive. The Supreme Court now says: before the creditors' committee is formed, a settlement can stop the insolvency.

5 min read

She asked for a recount and won. The Supreme Court still threw out her case.

A Chhattisgarh sarpanch got a recount and won the election, but the Supreme Court set it aside because her petition never asked the court to declare the original winner's election void.

6 min read

She counted cash at a meeting. Now the Supreme Court says she must face trial.

Supriya Jain was accused of being part of a conspiracy to cheat a woman of Rs 45 lakh. Her role? Being present when Rs 9.50 lakh was counted. The Court refused to kill the case.

5 min read

She didn't cook on time. He died. The High Court said no crime.

The Madhya Pradesh High Court discharged a wife accused of abetting her husband's suicide, ruling that failing to cook on time, quarrelling, and dancing at a wedding are routine domestic frictions, not criminal instigation.

5 min read

She found a photocopy. It proved her husband was still married.

The Bombay High Court said she waited too long to file for nullity. The Supreme Court said: a void marriage has no expiry date.

6 min read

She gave him 89 gold sovereigns on wedding night. He said they were gone.

The Supreme Court said a wife doesn't need a receipt to prove her own jewellery is hers. The High Court had demanded documentary proof — and was reversed.

7 min read

She just counted cash for her sister. Now the Supreme Court says she must stand trial.

The court found that even a limited role—being present and counting money—can be enough to face charges of criminal conspiracy. But it flagged a legal error in one of the charges against her.

5 min read

She married him in a self-respect ceremony. The court said — no public declaration needed.

The Supreme Court struck down a requirement that self-respect marriages must be publicly declared, calling it a violation of the couple's right to choose how to marry.

4 min read

She paid full price, sold the flat, then sued for delay. HARERA said: you're not the allottee.

A homebuyer who paid the full price and suffered a three-year delay lost her compensation claim because she sold the flat 44 days before filing her RERA complaint

6 min read

She said her husband took her gold on the wedding night. He said she kept it. Who wins?

The Kerala High Court demanded receipts for 89 sovereigns of jewellery. The Supreme Court said: that's not how civil cases work.

5 min read

She said rape. He said consensual. 1,000 WhatsApp messages later, the Supreme Court agreed.

The woman voluntarily travelled with the accused, posed as his wife at a hotel, and messaged him hundreds of times after the alleged assault. The Court said her conduct made the rape claim unsafe to believe.

3 min read

She said the deeds were fake. The court said: prove it.

In a property dispute, the Supreme Court ruled that a plaintiff cannot win just because the defendant's case is weak. The burden of proof stays on the one who claims ownership.

4 min read

She said the will was signed under pressure. The court asked: prove it.

When someone challenges a will by claiming coercion or undue influence, the burden shifts to them to prove it — even though the person relying on the will still has the main duty to show it's genuine.

5 min read

She served 13 years in Noida, 4 in Amroha. The court said: too much time at home.

A lecturer who spent thirteen years at one college was denied a transfer back there after four years elsewhere, because extended prior service at a station can make a return unreasonable under transfer policy.

5 min read

She took her sister's baby to help. The father wanted her back. The court said:

A woman dying of cancer asked her sisters to care for her infant. When the father recovered, they refused to return the child. The Supreme Court had to choose between gratitude and the law.

6 min read

She wanted to show a copy. The court said: not without the original.

In a property dispute, one side tried to introduce a photocopy as evidence. But the judge demanded a proper explanation for the missing original—and stuck to the rule.

6 min read

She went to her parents' home pregnant. He called it cruelty.

The Supreme Court said staying with family after a complicated delivery and father's death isn't cruelty—and a key deadline was saved by a rule most people miss.

5 min read

She went to her parents' home while pregnant. He called it cruelty.

The Supreme Court says a wife leaving for delivery and family emergencies is not cruelty. And a husband who remarried before the appeal time ran out broke the law.

6 min read

She won possession for 16 years. The Supreme Court took it back in one judgment.

An unregistered agreement to sell cannot be the foundation for a permanent injunction, even if the plaintiff has held possession for decades and the suit is cleverly drafted.

5 min read

Sikkim tribes got ST tag in 2003. 20 years later, still no reserved seat.

Limboo and Tamang communities were recognised as Scheduled Tribes two decades ago. But the Supreme Court just said neither the Election Commission nor the courts can give them a reserved seat without Parliament's help.

6 min read

Stamp duty law changed after they signed. Court says: too late.

An agreement to sell from 1998 was barred as evidence because it wasn't stamped under a 1989 amendment. The Supreme Court asked: can a later law punish a document that needed no stamp when signed?

4 min read

Stamp duty objection: missed deadline means forever lost

Supreme Court says once a document is admitted in evidence, no court can later reject it for being unstamped—even if the admission was wrong.

6 min read

State capped women on stage to protect them. The Supreme Court disagreed.

The Supreme Court struck down a police condition that mandated equal numbers of male and female performers on stage, ruling that protective measures rooted in gender stereotypes violate the Constitution.

6 min read

State ignored a playground reservation for 14 years. Court said: too late.

The Supreme Court held that when a statutory timeline for land acquisition expires, no court can revive the reservation — not even by relying on an Article 142 direction from a different case.

5 min read

State taxman wins: Supreme Court refuses to review Rainbow Papers ruling

Five review petitions argued that a later bench cast doubt on the judgment. The Court said: a coordinate bench's criticism is not a ground for review.

6 min read

Stolen Rafale files: can secret docs be used in court?

The government said they were stolen and immune. The Supreme Court said: they're already public, so no immunity.

6 min read

Supreme Court allows Jallikattu, bullock cart races with safeguards

A Constitution Bench upholds state amendments that revived the traditional sports, rejecting claims that they were a backdoor to override a 2014 ban.

7 min read

Supreme Court draws line between relevant and admissible evidence

A fact may be logically relevant but still kept out of court. The top court explains why the two concepts are not the same.

6 min read

Supreme Court erases judge's order for revealing mediation secrets

A High Court judge quoted what the couple said during settlement talks. The Supreme Court said that kills the whole point of mediation—and struck those paragraphs from the record.

5 min read

Supreme Court granted abortion. One email from a doctor undid it.

A Supreme Court bench split after a Medical Board member emailed the government post-order, leaving a woman's 26-week pregnancy hanging and the constitutional balance between autonomy and procedure unresolved.

6 min read

Supreme Court lets Supertech run projects while insolvency is on hold

A bank wanted to take over the entire company. The court said no — because thousands of homebuyers might lose their flats.

7 min read

Supreme Court: Lower courts 'overplayed' suspicions on Will, missed key facts

The top court reversed a concurrent finding, saying that excluding natural heirs is the 'whole idea' of a Will, and that a testatrix who later made codicils and sold property was clearly in control.

7 min read

Supreme Court orders CCTV in every police station—with audio and night vision

After years of non-compliance, the Court created a two-tier oversight system and ordered cameras at all key locations, preserving footage for 18 months.

4 min read

Supreme Court overruled itself. The taxman still can't recover refunds paid under old law.

When the Supreme Court overruled its own precedent as per incuriam, the Revenue tried to recover refunds already paid — but procedural finality and Order XLVII Rule 1 barred the clawback.

6 min read

Supreme Court overruled the precedent. The refund stayed.

A tax refund granted under a binding precedent cannot be clawed back after that precedent is overruled, the Supreme Court ruled, anchoring finality in the Explanation to Order XLVII Rule 1 CPC.

5 min read

Supreme Court reverses its own order after realizing it forgot to hear the victim

A transfer petition was allowed ex-parte without naming the complainant. He never got a chance to object — until now.

5 min read

Supreme Court says no to 'backdoor review' of its orders

A man got all his 16 criminal cases transferred to Mumbai. But when others objected, the Court tweaked the order — without calling it a review.

5 min read

Supreme Court says: once we pronounce a judgment, we can't tweak it — except for typos

A man got all his 16 criminal cases from 4 states transferred to Mumbai. But when the state and co-accused protested, the Court changed its order — and explained when it can and cannot fix its own rulings.

5 min read

Supreme Court says secret self-respect marriages are valid

No public ceremony needed under Tamil Nadu's special marriage law, court overrules earlier High Court decision.

4 min read

Tata Motors disqualified from BEST bus tender, then loses challenge to rival's win

The Supreme Court said a bidder who was rightly kicked out can't question who got the contract—and courts shouldn't second-guess technical tenders.

6 min read

Teacher asked students to slap classmate for being Muslim. SC steps in.

A primary school teacher in Muzaffarnagar allegedly punished a Muslim student for poor marks by having other children slap him. The police delayed action. Now the Supreme Court has ordered a supervised investigation.

7 min read

Teacher made students slap a Muslim boy. The Supreme Court just changed the meaning of education.

A primary school teacher punished a 10-year-old for failing a test. But the court said the real failure was the state's — for letting religion decide who gets quality schooling.

6 min read

Tenant admitted the lease. Then claimed he owned the house. Court said: try again.

The Supreme Court set aside a judgment on admission because the tenant's defense of an agreement to sell went to the root of the case. A mere admission of tenancy isn't enough when ownership is disputed.

7 min read

Tenant's own lawsuit becomes the weapon against her

Delhi High Court says a tenant's prior plaint admitting landlord-tenant relationship and rent payment is a 'clear admission' for possession decree.

6 min read

Tenant's own plaint becomes key evidence for eviction

Supreme Court clarifies when a landlord can get possession based on admissions, even without a full trial.

6 min read

The 2-rule gateway test the Supreme Court uses to kill execution objections.

A buyer who paid full consideration and took possession could not resist execution because the Supreme Court held that the gateway provisions of Order XXI Rules 97 and 99 are jurisdictional filters, not formalities

5 min read

The 3-part test from Gurmel Singh that kills technical repudiation by insurers.

When a stolen truck's registration certificate was locked inside it, and the RTO refused a duplicate, the Supreme Court ruled that demanding the impossible is itself a deficiency in service.

5 min read

The 'body constituted for local affairs' test that decides entry tax on industrial townships.

When the government carves an industrial township out of a municipality, that area remains a local area for entry tax — and the Supreme Court has now closed the door on decades of litigation over this question

5 min read

The class-based exclusivity test the Supreme Court used for state undertaking levies.

The Supreme Court held that a levy imposed exclusively on state undertakings as a class is disallowable, but taxes and surcharges on taxes are not, regardless of how many state entities hold the same licence.

5 min read

The 'reasonable likelihood of bias' test that killed 14 appointments in MP.

When a selection committee's members secured jobs for their own relatives, the Supreme Court held that the rule against bias overrides the right to a hearing.

6 min read

The Section 52 lis pendens trap that binds every buyer from the moment suit is filed.

The doctrine of lis pendens under Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act operates automatically from the date a suit is filed, binding every subsequent purchaser whether or not a temporary injunction is in force.

6 min read

The state abolished its own tribunal. The Supreme Court said it could.

The Supreme Court ruled that Article 323A does not require a state to keep an administrative tribunal, and the power to create includes the power to abolish.

7 min read

The Supreme Court's 2-part test for a bona fide purchaser under Section 64(2) CPC.

The Supreme Court held that an objector under Order XXI Rule 58 must expressly plead bona fide purchase and pre-attachment payment, or Section 64(2) cannot save them.

4 min read

The Supreme Court's Abhisar Buildwell test: no incriminating material, no addition.

After a search that uncovered nothing incriminating, the tax department still added income to completed years; the Supreme Court has now shut that door for good.

5 min read

The Supreme Court's new rule: an EWS certificate isn't proof of eligibility—it is eligibility.

The Supreme Court held that an EWS certificate for the wrong financial year is not a curable defect but a fatal failure of eligibility, rejecting pandemic excuses and sympathetic facts alike.

5 min read

The Supreme Court's single-paragraph test for stopping bulldozer demolitions.

The Supreme Court stops a Gujarat demolition, ruling that an alleged crime by one family member cannot justify destroying another's legally constructed house.

4 min read

The Supreme Court's two-limb test for 'video-tape production' that saved Prime Focus.

The Supreme Court held that ancillary post-production services are taxable only if linked to a prior recording, shifting the burden onto Revenue to prove the process occurred.

4 min read

They didn't pay Rs 39 crore despite 2 years of extensions. Then they argued: just execute the award.

The Supreme Court held them guilty of contempt for wilfully disobeying a conditional stay order. Their defence? The award creditor could simply enforce the decree. The court wasn't impressed.

5 min read

They paid 40%, waited 6 years. Then DLF demanded Rs 8.79 lakh extra per flat.

The Patels refused to pay the extra charges. DLF cancelled their allotment. The Supreme Court found no unfair trade practice—but still ordered DLF to hand over the flats at a reduced price.

7 min read

They resigned. The Bank said leave lapses. The High Court said pay.

The Bombay High Court holds that accrued privilege leave encashment is property under Article 300A and cannot be denied upon resignation unless a specific regulation says so.

5 min read

They said the land was theirs. But they couldn't say when.

Defendants admitted the property belonged to the plaintiff and they entered with permission. Then they claimed adverse possession—but forgot to mention when their hostile possession began. The court called it 'total moonshine.'

8 min read

They won DPC with interest. Then HARERA said no to a second payout.

A homebuyer who already won delayed possession charges with interest tried a second claim for mental harassment and lost on both limitation and the meaning of Section 18(1) of RERA

5 min read

This graduate lost his right hand and his marriage prospects. The Supreme Court gave him both back.

A 24-year-old graduate with a 75 percent disability and a rejected salary certificate taught the Supreme Court that tribunals cannot ignore credible evidence on hyper-technical grounds.

5 min read

This son-in-law fought 46 years after a father-in-law's secret cancellation.

A registered sale deed with clear recitals of title and possession is complete under Section 54 even if the price remains unpaid and the vendor signs a cancellation paper

5 min read

Toddler's 300-km Sunday trip to see dad stopped by Supreme Court

The court said a father's right to visitation can't force a 2-year-old to travel 150 km each way every week. The venue was shifted to the child's city.

5 min read

Trust slept on auction for 30 years. Supreme Court says: too late.

A government trust ignored execution proceedings for years, then tried to cancel the auction sale. The Court held that objections not raised before the sale cannot be used later.

5 min read

Two brothers sold the same land. The court had to pick one deed — but couldn't.

A man sued for possession of land he bought in 1979. The seller had already sold part of it to someone else in 1978. The High Court voided both sales. The Supreme Court said: you can't decide a fight between two defendants.

5 min read

Two police reports said opposite things. The judge had to read both — but didn't.

The Supreme Court says a magistrate can't pick one police report and ignore the other. Here's why that matters for every criminal case.

4 min read

Two siblings fought 16 years for their father's ancestral share — and won.

The Supreme Court held that children born from void marriages can inherit their parent's share in HUF property through a notional partition, but stopped short of granting coparcenary status by birth.

6 min read

Unregistered agreement, admitted sale deed, but the suit survived.

A state amendment made sale agreements compulsorily registrable, but the proviso to Section 49 still lets them in as evidence for specific performance, as the Supreme Court just clarified

5 min read

Unregistered document can prove possession, not ownership: SC

Supreme Court says a document that can't prove a sale or lease can still show how someone came to occupy a property.

6 min read

Unregistered document? Court says it can still be used—but only for this

A document that wasn't registered can't prove a property deal. But the Supreme Court carved out a narrow exception: if the purpose is 'collateral,' it's allowed in court. What counts as collateral?

5 min read

Unregistered document marked as exhibit: still dead in court

Supreme Court says a document that must be registered can't be used as evidence even if no one objected when it was marked. A flaw that can't be cured.

5 min read

Unstamped document? Not even for a 'collateral purpose'

You can use an unregistered deed for side-issues, but if it's also unstamped, the Stamp Act shuts the door completely — until you pay up.

6 min read

Visually impaired candidates now get separate cut-offs at every stage — not just a single exam.

The Supreme Court has ordered separate qualifying marks and cut-offs for visually impaired candidates at every stage of judicial service exams, ending the fiction of a level playing field.

5 min read

What does 'proved' actually mean in court? Not what you think.

The Supreme Court says proof doesn't need certainty—just enough to make a prudent person act. Two cases show why.

6 min read

What exactly is a 'suit'? A court finally settled it.

The definition seems obvious until you try to pin it down. Here's what the court said about when a legal fight officially begins.

6 min read

When a company buys land for you, do you own it? SC answers

Avani Towers funded the purchase of 10 acres in Howrah. In return, it got development rights. When insolvency hit, the RP claimed those rights as assets—and the Supreme Court agreed.

8 min read

When a cop signs a tech certificate, does the evidence vanish?

The court examined whether a police officer's signature on a CDR certificate meets the legal standard—or if the call records become inadmissible.

7 min read

When a court can strike off your defense

The Supreme Court says the penalty of striking off a defense for not complying with a discovery order is 'highly penal' and should only be used in extreme cases.

5 min read

When a family property is in one member's name, who must prove it's joint?

Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof: once family nucleus is shown, the member claiming self-acquisition must prove it with strong evidence.

6 min read

When a government record says it, the court believes it — unless you prove it wrong

The Supreme Court says official entries are presumed true. No need for the officer who made them to testify. But there's a catch.

7 min read

When a lost original isn't enough: the hidden rule of secondary evidence

You lost the original document. Can you just show a copy? The court says only if you prove you hunted for it like a detective.

6 min read

When an affidavit is not really an affidavit: Bombay HC draws the line

A court can't fix a faulty affidavit. But can it let you swap it out? The Bombay High Court sets strict rules for replacing evidence that crosses the line into argument.

8 min read

When not showing a document is not a sign of guilt

The Supreme Court says an adverse inference isn't automatic just because a party fails to produce a document—unless it was relevant and pleaded.

7 min read

When suspicion is not enough: SC sets standard for legal proof

In a grave case, the Supreme Court warned against letting conjecture replace legal truth, demanding evidence that eliminates doubt.

6 min read

When the husband admits the marriage, but the court says: prove it anyway

The Prince himself said Razia was his wife. But the Supreme Court refused to grant a declaration—because third parties might be affected, and a judge can demand proof even of admitted facts.

6 min read

When your main case wins, your backup plea vanishes

The court said: if the primary claim succeeds, the alternative plea becomes irrelevant. Here's why that matters.

4 min read

When your own application becomes a confession

A tenant who asked for relief against eviction ended up admitting the landlord's entire case. The Supreme Court said those admissions were enough to skip trial.

6 min read

When your own words become the strongest evidence against you

Two Supreme Court rulings show how admissions in court can either be conclusive proof or just a starting point—depending on where and how they're made.

5 min read

Who must prove a Will was forced? Supreme Court settles burden

Two burdens exist: propounder must show Will is genuine, but if coercion is alleged, the challenger must prove it.

7 min read

Why 1,540 hectares of leased land became a battleground over temples.

A Kerala High Court ruling forces eviction of temples built on leased government land, citing secularism and the duty to redistribute property to the landless

6 min read

Why 2 registered deeds couldn't undo a 1987 agreement of sale.

When a kartha sold family property for a bank loan and took full payment, the High Court held that subsequent registered deeds could not defeat the prior agreement of sale.

7 min read

Why 9 years of delay didn't kill this compassionate appointment case.

The Rajasthan High Court read a widowed daughter-in-law into a rule that didn't name her, ruling that purposive interpretation trumps an exhaustive list when social reality demands it.

6 min read

Why a 12-year sentence for raping a 5-year-old was too low

The Supreme Court said the High Court wrongly considered the accused's caste and 'non-habitual offender' status as reasons to reduce his life term.

6 min read

Why a Rs 2 crore profit claim collapsed for lack of proof

A delayed construction project cost Unibros 42 months. The Supreme Court said loss of profit needs evidence, not just a formula.

5 min read

Why a rule change that helped reserved candidates actually hurt them

MPSC stopped top-scoring reserved candidates from being counted in the general pool at the prelims stage. The Supreme Court said that move was 'patently harmful' to the very people it was meant to help.

8 min read

Why a 'safe' list in the Constitution couldn't shield bad laws

The Ninth Schedule was supposed to protect laws from court challenges. Then one case changed everything—by asking if any law can be above the Constitution itself.

6 min read

Why a state can nullify a Supreme Court decision — without overruling it.

The Himachal Pradesh High Court struck down a passenger tax on free employee transport, so the state legislature amended the Act retrospectively — and the Supreme Court had to decide whether that was constitutional.

7 min read

Why the Madras HC said Umadevi doesn't bar regularisation of contract vets.

The Madras High Court distinguished between irregular and illegal appointments, allowing regularisation of four veterinary surgeons hired on 120-day contracts for 18 years without UPSC consultation.

6 min read

Why the Supreme Court recalled its own order in the Flemingo duty free case.

The Supreme Court recalled its own judgment in the Flemingo duty free tax case because it failed to record or consider the government's submissions, a rare move with major implications for 25 pending appeals.

6 min read

Widow changed son's surname after remarriage. Grandparents sued. Supreme Court says:

Mother as sole guardian can decide child's surname, even to match new husband's. High Court went too far by ordering restoration without a prayer.

6 min read

Wife filed DV case 10 years after leaving home. Court says no time bar.

Supreme Court holds that a domestic violence application isn't a criminal complaint—limitation clock starts only if a protection order is later breached.

6 min read

Wife skips husband's court case. Supreme Court says: that's a problem.

She wanted the case moved to her city. But skipping court has consequences—like property attachment. The Court used that to justify the transfer.

8 min read

Wife's transfer plea rejected, but Supreme Court gives 4 reliefs

Husband's restitution case in Gujarat was at final stage. Court said no to transfer but ordered travel costs, reopening of evidence, video conferencing, and lawyer representation.

6 min read

Will admitted? No proof needed, says court

A Division Bench rules that Section 68 of the Evidence Act doesn't apply when the other side clearly admits the Will, distinguishing a Supreme Court precedent.

5 min read

Woman dies after assault. Court drops murder charge based on autopsy report. Supreme Court says: not so fast.

The trial court said the post-mortem report showing cardiac arrest meant no murder. The Supreme Court ruled that a post-mortem report is not evidence—only the doctor's live testimony is.

6 min read

Woman's plea rejected for wrong label; Supreme Court says substance matters

A woman engineer filed an application for further investigation after police dropped serious charges against a cop who allegedly faked marriage. Courts rejected it on technical grounds. The Supreme Court stepped in.

7 min read

Workers kept on payroll during insolvency but not paid: SC says no wages unless they actually worked

Supreme Court rules that salaries during CIRP count as costs only if workers helped the resolution professional run the business and the committee of creditors approved the payments.

6 min read

World's highest railway bridge builder loses tax claim after court limits review power

The Supreme Court restored an arbitral award denying Rs 1.37 crore tax reimbursement, ruling that appellate courts cannot re-interpret contracts just because another view is possible.

5 min read

Wrong form, right claim: Supreme Court says RP must verify

Greater Noida Authority filed claim as financial creditor, RP rejected it for using wrong form. SC: form is directory, RP must check proof and classify correctly.

9 min read

Wrong section cited in appeal? No problem, says Supreme Court

Even if a party cites the wrong legal provision, the court can still grant relief if the power exists elsewhere. Here's how it played out in a shipping dispute.

6 min read

Wrong section cited in court? No problem, says Supreme Court

A company's appeal under the wrong provision was still valid because the court had the power to hear it under another section. The judge clarified: labels don't matter if jurisdiction exists.

6 min read

You bought a house from one owner. The other owner wants it back.

A man bequeathed his home to a trust. His son sold it anyway. The buyer tried every legal trick to keep it. The Supreme Court just shut the door.

6 min read

You can be forced to show documents that won't even be used in court

A Calcutta ruling says discovery under Rule 12 is wider than trial evidence—even documents that only 'relate to' a case must be disclosed.

4 min read

You can't ask anything in court. Here's the test.

Rajasthan HC says interrogatories must have a direct link to the dispute—not be a fishing expedition.

5 min read

You defaulted on payments. The builder still cannot keep your deposit.

Two homebuyers defaulted on payments and had their bookings cancelled, but MahaRERA ruled the builder could keep only 2 percent of the flat price, not the entire deposit.

5 min read

You don't need to fully admit liability for it to count as an admission

The Supreme Court says even a statement that only suggests an inference of liability can be used against you in court—but only if it's clear and unambiguous.

7 min read

You let it in. Now you can't kick it out.

A party tried to object to a document after it was already marked as evidence. The court said: you should have spoken sooner.

6 min read

You repossessed the vehicle. Now pay tax on it — even if you never drive it.

The Supreme Court held that a financier who repossesses a vehicle becomes the owner for tax purposes — pay in advance, then claim refund for non-use if you have the documents.

6 min read

You show a photocopy in court. The judge says: That's not proof.

In a civil trial, producing a photostat copy doesn't prove its contents. The party must independently verify accuracy—and the opponent must object early or lose the chance.

6 min read

You signed it. But did you prove it?

A signed contract was in court. The other side said: that's just ink on paper. The judge agreed—and drew a line between 'this is real' and 'this is true.'

6 min read

You stamped it as evidence. That doesn't prove it's real.

The Supreme Court says marking a document as an exhibit is not the same as proving its contents. Here's why that matters.

6 min read

You wrote it in court. Now you can't deny it.

A party's own admission in a legal pleading is binding—no need for further proof. But what if the admission was a mistake?

3 min read

Your affidavit in court can't contain arguments or hearsay, Bombay HC says

A recent ruling clarifies that evidence affidavits must stick to direct knowledge and relevant facts—no submissions, no gossip.

5 min read

Your affidavit is not evidence unless a judge says so

Bombay High Court rules that sworn statements need a court order under Order 19 to be admissible — without it, they're legally useless.

5 min read

Your document is marked as evidence. Is it now proved?

A court clarifies: marking an exhibit is just paperwork. Proving its contents is a whole different battle.

6 min read

Your document was admitted. That doesn't mean it's proved.

Supreme Court: A trial court can't rely on secondary evidence just because it's on record. It must verify genuineness and record reasons.

4 min read

Your jhuggi is 4 km from a recognised cluster. The law says you're not nearby.

The Supreme Court held that three kilometres, not five, is the permissible radius for deeming a jhuggi part of a recognised cluster under the DUSIB Act, leaving the Board's own processes as a possible alternative.

4 min read

Your notarized document may be worthless if the notary skipped one step

A notary's seal isn't enough. The Supreme Court says the document has no evidentiary value unless the notary entered it in the official register.

6 min read